窄条带充填置换开采在提高“三下”煤矿资源采出率的同时能有效控制覆岩运移，是绿色采矿体系中的重要一环。在多轮条带充填开采过程中，支承直接顶的充填体-煤柱会形成不同组合形式。明确采充过程直接顶-充填体-煤柱复合承载体的承载规律及稳定性，可为安全有序开展充填开采提供科学指导。本文选取二墩煤矿C302工作面为工程背景，采用理论分析、数值软件模拟和物理相似模拟试验等方法，研究了承载体位移-应力-塑性范围的变化规律及充填体强度对其稳定性的影响，确定了适合该矿的合理开采方案。主要研究成果如下：

（1）结合矿区地质条件设计采充工艺，通过分析直接顶-充填体-煤柱复合承载体多种组合形式及控顶原理，构建了文克尔弹性地基有限长梁力学模型，求解得到条带采充尺寸范围。采用 数值软件模拟不同宽度充填体控顶效果，结果表明当条带采宽为8m，两侧充填宽度为24m时，充填体的控顶效果良好。基于此确定了“采8m留24m”四轮采充工艺及参数。

（2）采用数值软件模拟四轮采充过程复合承载体的位移-应力-塑性区发育规律，四轮采充完成时分别形成了“直接顶＋煤柱”、“直接顶+煤柱+第一轮充填体”、“直接顶+煤柱+第一、二轮充填体”和“直接顶+第一、二、三轮充填体”四种复合承载形式。在“采8m留24m”采充方案下，上述四种复合承载体中的应力规律性传递，顶板下沉量和塑性区均处于合理范围。

（3）充填体强度对复合承载体稳定性影响较大，在模拟中改变充填体强度，研究发现高强度充填体辅助承载效果更好，而低强度充填体在第三轮煤柱被采出后才能参与辅助承载，会出现前两轮承载少，后两轮煤柱-充填体应力突增，导致煤柱及充填体失稳破坏，对直接顶的控制效果降低，无法形成稳定的复合承载体。

（4）采用物理相似模拟试验对窄条带充填开采复合承载体稳定性进行验证，结果表明整个开采过程中，覆岩保持稳定，顶板未产生明显离层和裂隙，直接顶实际最大下沉值为0.090m。覆岩载荷分阶段分级规律传递至充填体和煤柱，四轮采充过程复合承载体保持稳定，各项结论与数值模拟数据相吻合。

论文为二墩煤矿“三下”压覆煤层的安全开采提供了一种可行的解决方案，同时可为榆神府矿区类似地质条件工作面开采提供理论指导。

Narrow strip filling replacement mining can effectively control overburden migration while improving the recovery rate of coal mine resources under water body, building and railway, which is an important link in green mining system. In the process of multi-round strip filling mining, the filling body and coal pillar supporting the direct roof will form different combination forms. It can provide scientific guidance for the safe and orderly development of backfill mining to clarify the bearing law and stability of the direct roof, backfill body and coal pillar composite carrier in the process of mining and filling. In this paper, the C302 working face of Erdun Coal mine is selected as the engineering background, and the variation law of the displacement, stress and plastic range of the carrier and the influence of the backfill strength on its stability are studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical software simulation and physical similarity simulation test, and a reasonable mining scheme suitable for Erdun coal mine is determined. The main research results are as follows:

(1) Mining and filling technology was designed based on the geological conditions of the mining area. By analyzing the combination forms of direct roof, filling body and coal pillar composite carrier and roof control principle, the mechanical model of finite beam of Winkler elastic foundation was constructed, and the size range of strip mining and filling was obtained. FLAC^3D numerical software is used to simulate the roof control effect of filling body with different widths. The results show that when the strip mining width is 8m and the filling width on both sides is 24m, the roof control effect of filling body is good. Based on this, the process and parameters of "mining with 8m and leaving 24m" for four rounds were determined.

(2) Numerical software is used to simulate the development law of displacement stress plastic zone of composite carrier during the four-stage mining and filling process. When the four stages of mining and filling are completed, four composite bearing forms are formed: "direct top + pillar", "direct top + pillar + first round filling body", "direct top + pillar + first and second round filling body" and "direct top + first, second and third round filling body". Under the four-stage mining and filling scheme of "mining 8m and leaving 24m", the stress of the above four composite carriers transfers regularly, and the roof subsidence and plastic zone are in a reasonable range.

(3) The effect to the stability of compound bearing strength of filling body, change the strength of filling body in the simulation, the study found that high strength of filling body auxiliary bearing effect is better, and the intensity of low filling body after the third round pillar was produced to participate in auxiliary bearing, bearing less will be the first two rounds, the stress of coal pillar and filling body increases suddenly in the last two rounds, leading to instability of coal pillar and filling body damage, The control effect on the direct roof is reduced and the stable composite carrier cannot be formed.

(4) The physical similarity simulation test was used to verify the stability of the composite carrier for narrow strip filling mining. The results showed that the overburden remained stable during the whole mining process, no obvious separation layer and fracture occurred in the roof, and the actual maximum subsidence value of the direct roof was 0.090m. The overburden load is transferred to the filling body and coal pillar in stages, and the composite carrier remains stable during the four-round mining and filling process. The conclusions are consistent with the numerical simulation data.

This paper provides a feasible solution for coal mine resources under water body, building and railway in Erdun coal mine, and provides theoretical guidance for mining of similar geological conditions in Yushenfu mining area.

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