随着氢能在我国的快速发展，未来将会有更多加氢站投入使用，加氢站安全直接影响氢气作为清洁能源的可持续性和公众接受度。当加氢站发生突发事故时，果断决策、迅速处置，能最大程度减少和避免事故造成的人员伤亡和危害。本文通过构建加氢站泄漏燃爆事故处置Petri网模型，模拟和分析加氢站事故处置的各个环节，识别处置过程中的关键环节，调整关键环节的变迁速率，优化加氢站的事故处置流程。通过社会网络分析法，识别事故响应环节参与人员以及人员间的互动关系，生成人员协同网络，并分析其中的关键节点，针对事故的不同响应阶段，分析各阶段协同网络的演变和绩效。

（1）以加氢站氢泄漏燃爆事故案例为对象，通过对加氢站泄漏燃爆事故统计研究，确定在氢泄漏燃爆事故中，因人员管理不善和失误导致的事故比重高达63.19%，事故发生点多发生于加氢站的关键部位，包括加氢机、储氢罐和压缩机的阀门和接头处。在加氢站发生事故时，第一响应者为加氢站内部工作人员，表明站内人员对提高事故处置效率起着决定作用。

（2）对加氢站氢泄漏燃爆事故的应急响应机制进行系统性分析，通过多维度对事故处置流程进行细化，包括参与主体、事故响应等级以及处置行动。在此基础上，基于知识元理论框架，对事故处置子流程进行构建。为实现对应急处置流程性能分析，运用随机着色Petri网（SCPN）模型将子流程进行形式化表述，便于对应急处置流程的性能进行系统分析，为流程的优化提供了定量分析的基础。

（3）根据SCPN相关理论以及马尔科夫链，确定模型的有效性。以加氢站发生过火灾为模型，对火灾事故的工作流程分析，对模型以不同结构定义进行分步计算，按照相应化简原则计算出加氢站在Ⅲ、Ⅳ级氢事故所需的总执行时间为2511.4s。最后对模型化简，通过模糊学原理减少时间延迟的影响，确定影响应急效率的重要环节。氢气持续泄漏状态以及呼叫救援人员环节容易出现信息的堆积现象。现场负责人到达现场、上报事故信息是应急处置过程中的关键行动，影响加氢站泄漏燃爆事故应急响应处置效能，应作为优化的重点环节。

（4）基于对处置流程的构建，通过社会网络分析法对处置行动中的参与人员进行识别，确定人员间关系并构建处置协同网络图，探究整体协同网络的基本特征，结果表明目前行动者之间的关系比较松散，凝聚力弱，相互协作程度还不够。从时间视角探究应急处置协同网络的动态演化，结果表明虽然处置行动各阶段的信息传递、交流控制、应急力量协同调配及影响力和权力控制方面的核心行动者各不相同，但在不同视角下的分析结果存在相似的部分。建立事故处置协同机制，通过多维度赋能提出提高处置效率措施，推动建设事故全周期协同机制。

With the rapid development of hydrogen energy in China, more hydrogen refuelling stations will be put into operation in the future, and the safety of hydrogen refuelling stations directly affects the sustainability and public acceptance of hydrogen as a clean energy source. When an accident occurs in a hydrogen refuelling station, decisive decision-making and rapid disposal can minimize and avoid the casualties and hazards caused by the accident. In this paper, by constructing a Petri net model for the disposal of leakage and combustion accidents in hydrogen refueling stations, we simulate and analyse the various aspects of accident disposal in hydrogen refueling stations, identify the key links in the disposal process, adjust the rate of change of the key links, and optimize the accident disposal process in hydrogen refueling stations. Through the social network analysis method, we identify the personnel involved in the accident response link and the interaction between personnel, generate the personnel cooperative network, analyse the key nodes in it, and analyse the evolution and performance of the cooperative network in each stage for the different response phases of the accident.

(1)Taking hydrogen refueling station leakage and combustion explosion accident cases as the subject, through statistical research on accidents, it has been determined that the proportion of accidents caused by poor personnel management and mistakes in hydrogen leakage and combustion explosion accidents is as high as 63.19%. The sites of accidents often occur at critical parts of the refueling station, including the hydrogen dispenser, hydrogen storage tanks, and valves and connections of compressors. When an accident occurs at a refueling station, the first responders are the internal staff of the station, indicating that the staff on site play a decisive role in improving the efficiency of accident handling.

(2)The paper conducts a systematic analysis of the emergency response mechanism for hydrogen leakage and explosion accidents at refueling stations. It refines the accident handling process from multiple dimensions, including participating entities, levels of accident response, and handling actions. Based on this, it constructs accident handling sub-processes within the framework of knowledge element theory. To analyze the performance of the emergency handling process, the paper uses the Stochastic Colored Petri Net (SCPN) model to formally represent the sub-processes, facilitating systematic performance analysis and providing a quantitative basis for process optimization.

(3)Based on SCPN theory and Markov chains, the paper validates the model's effectiveness. Using a model based on a fire accident at a refueling station, it analyzes the workflow of the fire incident, calculates the total execution time required for the station in levels III and IV hydrogen accidents as 2511.4 seconds, and simplifies the model. By applying fuzzy logic principles to reduce the impact of time delays, it identifies key links affecting emergency efficiency, such as the continuous leakage of hydrogen and the summoning of rescue personnel. The arrival of the site leader and the reporting of accident information are critical actions in the emergency response process, affecting the effectiveness of the emergency response to hydrogen leakage and explosion accidents at refueling stations and should be prioritized for optimization.

(4) Based on the construction of the handling process, the paper identifies the personnel involved in the handling actions using social network analysis, establishes relationships among personnel, and constructs a collaborative network diagram for handling actions. It explores the basic characteristics of the overall collaborative network and finds that the current relationships among actors are relatively loose, with weak cohesion and insufficient collaboration. Investigating the dynamic evolution of the emergency handling collaborative network from a temporal perspective, the results show that although the core actors in information transmission, communication control, emergency force coordination, and influence and power control vary at different stages of the handling action, there are similarities in the analysis results from different perspectives. The paper establishes an accident handling collaborative mechanism and proposes measures to improve handling efficiency through multidimensional empowerment, promoting the construction of a full-cycle collaborative mechanism for accidents.