当前我国大规模的隧道建设中，软弱围岩隧道紧急停车带由于断面大，围岩性质差，在其设计与施工过程中存在许多难题，通常表现为围岩变形大，甚至发生坍塌等安全事故，主要原因在于隧道围岩特别是软弱围岩的变形机制、发展演化规律等认识不足，采取的控制技术与方法缺乏针对性等。因此，本文综合运用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法，结合秦岭Ⅰ号隧道工程实例，对隧道紧急停车带的施工工法和围岩变形的预测进行系统研究，取得了具有一定价值的研究成果，主要有： 通过对ANSYS软件在隧道工程中应用现状的分析，深入研究ANSYS分析隧道开挖过程中单元生死功能的注意事项以及实现方法，并结合秦岭Ⅰ号高速公路隧道，针对该隧道紧急停车带跨度大、断面面积大、围岩类别低的特点，利用计算机技术编制一定程序优化了单元的“杀死”和“激活”功能，分别对双侧壁导坑法和三台阶法情况下的围岩变形进行数值模拟，得出隧道在两种工法下的围岩应力重新分布情况，使得岩体开挖和衬砌施加的模拟分析更加符合工程实际，对类似工程具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。 其次，通过对秦岭Ⅰ号隧道紧急停车带Ⅱ级围岩段施工工法的优化分析，应用改进的计算方法可方便计算出两种施工工法隧道围岩受力和变形情况，计算结果表明，三台阶法在围岩的受力和变形方面要优于双侧壁导坑法，并能较好地避免局部塌方事故的发生。而从工程造价和施工工期方面考虑，三台阶法要比双侧壁导坑法更具优越性，最终确定三台阶法作为秦岭Ⅰ号隧道紧急停车带的施工方法。 最后，将灰色理论的预测模型应用于隧道围岩变形的预测中，并针对非等时距GM（1,1）模型预测模型，编制相应的MATLAB计算程序，实现了非等间距预测，提高了短期预测结果的准确性。通过对比分析，认为新陈代谢模型在长期预测方面较其他两种模型更加接近围岩变形发展规律，可作为秦岭Ⅰ号隧道紧急停车带围岩变形预测模型。

Through consulting a large number of relevant literature, the development of large cross section tunnel at home and abroad, construction methods and tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring and prediction research present situation has carried on the thorough analysis. On this basis, the applicability of the commonly used construction technique of large section tunnel were analyzed, and by using numerical simulation method is suitable for the large section optimal construction method of soft rock tunnel, the last of the tunnel surrounding rock deformation law by gray system forecast analysis. In this paper, the integrated use of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement method, such as combination of QinlingⅠ highway tunnel engineering example, the large cross section of soft rock deformation of surrounding rock of highway tunnel construction methods and prediction system study, has obtained the certain value of research, mainly include: Through the large general finite element analysis software ANSYS analysis of the present status of application in the tunnel engineering, further study of ANSYS analysis function of cell life and death matters needing attention in the process of tunnel excavation and the implementation method, and combined with QinlingⅠ highway tunnel and emergency parking area for the tunnel span large, large cross section area and the characteristics of rock type low respectively of single wall pilot tunnel method and three steps method by numerical simulation of the deformation of surrounding rock and compile program was used to optimize the unit "kill" and "activate" function, makes the simulation analysis of rock mass excavation and lining more conform to the actual situation, has a certain guidance and reference for similar projects. Stress field and displacement field of two construction methods of simulation analysis, concluded that the tunnel under two kinds of construction methods of surrounding rock stress distribution situation again. In QinlingⅠ highway tunnel Ⅱ class surrounding rock section of the construction methods of optimization, the above two construction methods all can meet the requirements of the stability of the tunnel, and single side heading method in the aspects of force and deformation of surrounding rock is superior to the method of three steps, and can avoid local collapse accidents. And from the engineering cost and construction time limit for a project into consideration, three steps method than single wall pilot tunnel method has more advantages. To sum up, eventually determine the three step method as the construction method of QinlingⅠ tunnel. Finally, the application of the forecasting model of grey theory and prediction of tunnel surrounding rock deformation, and aims at each kind of forecast model, the corresponding calculation program, improve the accuracy and efficiency in the process of prediction. By comparing three kinds of model prediction results that metabolism model, compared with other two kinds of model is more close to the measured results of surrounding rock deformation, can be used as QinlingⅠ highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation forecast model.