近年来，在计算机图形学、三维GIS、虚拟现实、地理数据库以及虚拟场景建模等技术和理论的大力支撑下，三维电子地图正逐步成为传统电子地图的重要补充，并伴随着计算机软硬件技术的进一步发展，更有可能成为将来电子地图发展的主流。 　　　目前，三维电子地图在军事指挥、城市应急指挥、虚拟现实、城市管理、娱乐旅游、城市规划及道路工程设计等行业和领域，已经有一些成功的应用。但是，我们也应该认识到，在相当长的一段时间内，以现代地图学理论和计算机软硬件为基础的电子地图，仍然是三维电子地图制作和处理数据的基础。在认识到这一点的同时，我们也应该相信在电子地图领域中三维电子地图将是最具潜力的。 　　　基于以上认识和新疆自治区乌鲁木齐市经开区构建智慧型大联动网格化城市管理机制项目的开展，作者参与并制作了经开区1.7平方公里范围的基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图。本论文就是在这个背景下提出了三维电子地图应用模式的探讨。提出这个题目的目的是想通过在制作基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图的基础上，试着将基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图作为一种地理底图，结合目前三维电子地图在城市应急指挥、虚拟现实和城市管理中的一些成功的应用实例，探讨其具体的应用模式，并对其以后的应用做出展望和设想。 　　　本论文首先简要介绍了地理底图的一些概念及其几种构成，包括基础地理信息数据库、基础地形图、正射影像图和数字高程模型。并对这几种构成进行了详细的论述，重点介绍了它们的应用，在最后阐述了它们的综合应用。接着通过具体的基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图制作过程，讨论了制作过程中有关三维电子地图的精度问题，并得出了一些总结。最后论述了三维电子地图在城市应急指挥、虚拟现实和城市管理中的应用模式，主要是介绍了以三维电子地图为地理底图的应用模式，通过这些具体的成功应用，得出了可以将基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图应用于城市管理等行业和领域的结论。 　　　本论文的重点主要有三个方面：第一个方面是详细论述了地理底图的一些概念及其几种构成，并对其应用做了详细的论述，阐述了它们具体的应用领域，最后将其比较，做出了结论性的总结。在这个基础上引出了将基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图用于地理底图的设想；第二个方面是简要介绍了基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图的制作过程，并对制作过程中有关三维电子地图的精度问题做了较为详细的阐述和分析，并得出了一些结论，对于提高三维电子地图的精度有一定的借鉴和参考意义；第三个方面是详细论述了三维电子地图作为地理底图在城市应急指挥、虚拟现实和城市管理中的具体应用，通过实例阐述了三维电子地图作为地理底图在上述三个应用领域的强大作用，并由此得出可以将基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图作为地理底图应用在城市管理等领域的结论，在最后对基于Google SketchUp的三维电子地图的应用做出了展望和设想。

In recent years, under the support of the computer graphics, 3DGIS, virtual reality and geographic database and virtual scene modeling technologies and theories, three-dimensional electronic map is gradually becoming important supplement of the traditional electronic maps, and along with the further development of the computer software and hardware technology, are more likely to become the mainstream of electronic map development in the future. 　　　At present, the 3D electronic map in military command, city emergency command, virtual reality, urban management, entertainment, tourism, urban planning and the design of the road engineering industries and fields, there have been some successful applications. But we also should realize that for quite a long time, on the basis of the modem cartography theory and computer hardware and software of the electronic map, is still the 3D electronic map production and processing of data base. In realizing it at the same time, we should also believe that in the field of electronic map 3D electronic map is the most potential. 　　　Based on the above understanding and the Xinjiang Urumqi city development zone and large build smart grid city management mechanism of the project, the author participated in and created 3D electronic map based on Google SketchUp within the scope of 1.7 square kilometers in the open area. Under the background of it, 3D electronic map application mode was proposed. The purpose of this subject raised is to try to make the 3D electronic map based on the Google SketchUp as a kind of geographic base map, which based on the production of the 3D electronic map based on the Google SketchUp , combining with the current 3D electronic map in the city emergency command, virtual reality and some successful examples of application in city management, discussing its concrete application model, and its future application prospect and assumptions. This paper first briefly introduces the geographic’s several constitutes and some of the concepts, including basic geographic information database, basic topographic map and orthograph as graph and digital elevation model. And these are described in detail, mainly introduce their application, at last expound the comprehensive application of these. Then through 3D electronic map production process based on the specific Google SketchUp, discuss about the precision of the 3D electronic map in the production process, and draws some conclusions. Finally discuss about the 3D electronic map in the city emergency command, the application of virtual reality and the urban management pattern, mainly introduced the application mode of geographic base map for 3D electronic map. Through these concrete successful application , come to the conclusion that 3D electronic map based on Google SketchUp can be applied in the field and the industries such as urban management. Focus of this paper mainly has three aspects: the first aspect is discussed in detail the concepts and several kinds of the composition of geographic base map, and its application is discussed in detail, expounding their specific application field, finally through the comparisons, coming to a conclusive summary. On this foundation raises a idea that 3D electronic map based on the Google SketchUp can be used in geography; The second aspect is briefly introduced the production process of 3D electronic map based on the Google SketchUp, and in the process of production about the accuracy of 3D electronic map problem has made the detailed elaboration and analysis, and draws some conclusions.There are some certain reference and reference value for the improvement of the accuracy of 3D electronic map; The third aspect is discussed in detail the 3D electronic map as a geographical map used in the city emergency command, virtual reality and the application of city management, through example expounds the powerful role of 3D electronic map as a geographical map in the above three application field , and thus can come to a conclusion that 3D electronic map based on Google Sketch Up as a geographical map can be used in the field of city management and so on. At the end of the text is the outlook and vision of 3D electronic map based on Google SketchUp .