秦岭终南山特长公路隧道是目前世界上第一座采用双洞单向行驶的特长山岭公路隧道，建设规模居世界第一。地质条件较为复杂，岩爆问题和大变形问题是该隧道的主要工程地质问题。本文结合终南山特长公路隧道的工程实践，以岩爆问题为研究主线，对这一世界性的地下工程难题做了较为全面的实例研究。本文的研究内容及获得的结论主要包括以下几个方面： (1)全面论述了所研究区域的工程地质条件。 (2)总结了有关岩爆基本概念及预测的研究成果，讨论了岩爆的力学特性，并分析了岩爆岩石的破坏特征、破坏机理，认为在岩爆的形成发生过程中既有张性劈裂破坏，也有剪切破坏，是以劈裂破坏为主的张剪复合型破坏机理。同时对岩爆的影响因素进行了较为系统的分析，认为引起岩爆的原因非常复杂，与地应力状况、底层岩性、埋深、岩体结构、地下水与开挖断面的大小、形状、开挖方法等诸多因素有关，其中地应力条件和底层岩性是产生岩爆的决定性因素，但其他因素的影响也是不可忽视的。 (3)通过对研究区地应力、岩性条件、岩体结构、地质构造等方面的分析，并结合岩爆岩石力学试验研究，认为秦岭终南公路隧道2号通风竖井及风道系统已达到中等～高等地应力条件，满足发生岩爆的地应力条件，在IV类、V类围岩地段施工中可能发生轻微～中等程度岩爆。 (4)通过利用FLAC3D数值分析软件进行数值模拟分析得出，在风道施工过程中，距离主隧道越近的位置，附近岩体受到的扰动就越大，扰动范围与原先隧道施工过程扰动范围重合，并继续向岩体深处延伸，风道顶部下沉较大。四连拱施工时，应力和位移的影响范围最大，变化幅度最大，两拱的拱脚交汇处为高应力区域。 (5)在以上研究的基础上，对主要岩爆地段进行了预测，并提出防治措施。

The Qin Ling Zhong Nan Mountain highway tunnel is at present the first longest mountain highway tunnel which applys two-hole one-way traffic techniques in the world. The scale of construction is first class. The geological conditions of the highway tunnel is more complicated, espacily, existing the major enginerring geolgy problem of rock brust、large deformation. The overall research about this greatest and hardest project is in the basis of the study rock burst problem and the project practice. The contens of paper are discussed and main conclusions been attained as follows: (1) The environmental conditions of engineering geology are discussed in detail. (2) By sum up the basic concept of rock burst and forcast resarches results, discussed the mechanical properties and analysised the characteristics of failure of rock burst, and then got the conclusion that existing fracturing failure and shear failure in the process of the rock burst occurred which is the main spliting failure .At the same time, this paper systematically analysised the factors that influence rock burst, it reached the conclusion that factors of causing rockburst is very complicate, to which are linked the factors such as area stress situation, rock character, depth, rock strcture, groundwater, the area form of excavated section, excavated method and so on, espacily the rockburst decisively caused under the condition of stress and by lithologic character, also other factors can not be ignored. (3) Through the analysis of the project area stress, rock character ,rock construction, geological conditions and so on. And then combined with rock burst mechanical experiment, on condition that the highway tunnel number two ventilate well and tunnel ventilation system are the middle to high degree area stress situation, suit to the condition of rockburst stress arose, it may happen the light to middle degree rockburst under construction in the area of the IV、V encircled rock. (4) From the numerical analysis using the FLAC3D numberical analysis software, in the process of tunnel ventilation construction, the more near to main tunnel place, the bigger disturbance on rock nearby, the sphere of disturbance is coincided to the former tunnel constrution′s, continuously reache to the rock depth and the bigger subsidence of tunnel ventilation upper stratum.Under the construction of foer-arch,the influence sphere of stress and displacement and rate of changes are biggest, and the place of both archs intersection feet are the high-stress area. (5) Above all. Forcasted the main rock burst area and put forwarded prevention and control measures.