射频识别定位系统具有安全性高、成本低、灵活性强的特点，在室内定位追踪领域中有着极其重要的研究意义。其在军事、商业领域的位置感知应用也具有较大实用价值。本文研究了基于人员实时跟踪监控应用的室内定位系统，针对特殊的项目需求设计了硬件、实现了定位算法和上位机软件、给出了硬件和算法的性能参数。主要内容如下： （1）研制了具有位置绑定功能的可穿戴RFID定位设备。针对追踪过程中确保RFID定位设备和佩戴人员位置一致的需求，提出通过测量心率和内置防摘金属导电回路腕带双重结合的方式防止设备脱落或被人为摘卸。针对功耗敏感性问题，选用超低功耗元件、在硬件原理设计上对电流消耗进行计算和分析，规避高功耗、缩减冗余部件，基于三轴加速度传感器获取手臂姿态控制液晶供电。针对便携性需求，选择小封装元件、缩减PCB面积、采用3D打印技术，完成了可穿戴式定位卡。开发了通信协议和驱动软件。 （2）研究实现了虚拟参考标签指纹定位算法和上位机软件。该算法采用模式匹配的思想，分两个阶段实现定位。离线阶段在定位区域中按距离均分的位置点处采集定位卡发送给多个定位基站的RSSI（Received Signal Strength Indicator，接收信号强度），以RSSI向量作为“位置指纹”，形成指纹数据库。在线阶段把实时接收的定位卡RSSI向量与指纹数据库进行匹配并选择相似位置点，然后采用加权求和的方法估算位置。用来构建指纹数据库的位置点为虚拟参考标签所在的位置点。 系统测试结果表明，可穿戴定位卡的无线通信距离可达250米；在开启实时心率监测及无线通信功能的条件下续航时间可达62h，较未使用本文低功耗技术的RFID定位卡和心率手表分别延长44%、244%；心率的测量误差为±3次/分钟，可实现100%脱摘检测；定位精度以70%的概率低于3.5m，与基于测距的定位算法相比，精度和稳定性分别提高了38%和51%；系统的平均时延为3秒。所开发的系统达到了设计指标。

RFID location systems have special research significance in locating and tracking areas due to their high security, low cost and flexibility features. They also have high practical values in military and commercial fields. The proposed indoor position system was researched based on the real time human tracking and monitoring application. The hardware, localization algorithm and software were implemented to meet the particular project requirements. The performance of the hardware and algorithm is concluded in the end. The main work can be summarized as follows: (1) The proposed wearable RFID location device with the function of position banding was developed. The anti-dropped method was implemented by using the heart rate measuring method and anti-picked watchband with circuit inside. To overcome the power sensitivity problem, the ultra low power components were selected, the current consumption was analyzed and calculated, and the redundant units were avoided. The power supply of the LCD was determined by human arm posture which achieved by the three-axis accelerometer. The wearable feature was met by selecting small size components, minimizing PCB and using 3D printing technology. The communication protocol and software drivers were accomplished. (2) The virtual referenced tag based fingerprint localization algorithm and software were researched and implemented. The algorithm adopted the idea of pattern matching, and can be described as two steps. In off-line stage, the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) data of the RFID location tag in a series of fixed points, these points are averagely selected according to the given granularity, are recorded to form a RSSI fingerprint database, the RSSI in a position called the fingerprint. In on-line stage, the RSSI data of the location tag are received, and matched with the fingerprint database, the position is calculated by weighted average method. The experimental result showed that the maximum communication range between the wearable location card and the location base station was 250m; the location card’s battery life was about 62h which was 44% longer than the same device without using the low power method, and 244% longer than an heart rate smart watch; The device can achieve ±3BPS heart rate measuring precision and 100% dropping detection accuracy; The location error of the system was lower than 3.5m by 70%. The accuracy and stability were increased by 38% and 51% compared with the range-based localization algorithm; The average system delay was 3s. The system has achieved the design indexes.