矿山环境的研究是一个由总体到局部再到总体的过程，综合考量某一片区的矿山情况、进行整体分析，再充分细化考虑每个矿区不同于其他矿区的特点，最后进行总体规划，对于推动我国绿色矿山整体化建设具有重要意义。

陕西省陕北地区位于我国西北内陆地区，矿产资源丰富，气候条件恶劣、常年干旱，不利于植物生长与存活，矿山环境修复治理难度大。论文以陕西省陕北北部的德泉煤矿和黑拉畔煤矿与邻近关中地区的兴旺煤矿和永兴煤矿为研究对象，结合不同的矿区环境现状，对矿区的生态环境综合评价与修复治理措施进行对比研究。论文主要研究内容和结论如下：

（1）基于矿山环境评价的独立性、客观性、实用性及易获取性等原则，选用遥感生态指数所包含的四个指数（绿度指数-NDVI、湿度指数-WET、干度指数-NDBSI、热度指数-LST）作为评价因子。由地理空间数据云分别得到2021年5月的神木市和子长市的Landsat8影像，通过数据预处理、波段运算，得到德泉煤矿、黑拉畔煤矿、兴旺煤矿及永兴煤四个研究区的NDVI、WET、NDBSI、LST四个指数信息，并将其进行归一化。

（2）依据矿山环境综合评价相对重要性标度，为各因子的评价权值进行赋值。使用层次分析法（AHP）与熵权法分别计算出四矿区的权重，并将层次分析法可衡量权重指标的特点与熵权法可避免人为因素干扰的特点结合，求出各评价因子的综合权重。最后，使用模糊综合评价与前面的综合权重结果结合，求出综合权值-模糊综合评价结果。结果表明：德泉煤矿整体环境较好（II级），环境状况为四矿区第二；黑拉畔煤矿整体环境较差（III级），环境状况为四矿区最差；兴旺煤矿整体环境较好（II级），环境状况为四矿区最好；永兴煤矿整体环境较差（III级），环境状况为四矿区第三。

（3）依据矿山环境修复治理的技术特点，将修复治理技术分为工程治理技术、生态修复技术和生物修复技术，并对三类技术的原理与作用做出较为详细的阐述。同时，对德泉煤矿、黑拉畔煤矿、兴旺煤矿及永兴煤矿四个研究区的生产现状、自然地理、地质条件及社会经济条件等矿区现状与生态环境综合评价结果进行总结，并以此为依据分别对四个研究区提出修复治理措施与开发利用展望，为具体的矿山环境修复治理提供可靠的实施依据。

The study of mine environment is a process from the whole to the part and then to the whole. It is of great significance to promote the overall construction of green mines in China by comprehensively considering the mine situation of a certain area, carrying out the overall analysis, fully considering the characteristics of each mining area different from other mining areas, and finally carrying out the overall planning.

Shaanxi Province is located in the inland area of Northwest China, rich in mineral resources, but the north-south span is large, the climatic conditions and natural geographical differences are obvious. The northern Shaanxi area is perennially dry, the climate in the Guanzhong area is warm, and the climate in the southern Shaanxi area is suitable and the soil is fertile. Different climatic conditions may lead to different degrees of environmental pollution caused by mining activities. This paper takes Dequan Coal Mine and Heilapan Coal Mine in the north of northern Shaanxi Province and Xingwang Coal Mine and Yongxing Coal Mine in the adjacent Guanzhong area as the research object, combined with the different mining environment status, the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment of the mining area and the restoration and control measures are compared. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows :

( 1 ) Based on the principles of independence, objectivity, practicality and accessibility of mine environmental assessment, four indexes ( greenness index-NDVI, humidity index-WET, dryness index-NDBSI, heat index-LST ) contained in remote sensing ecological index were selected as evaluation factors. The Landsat8 images of Shenmu City and Zichang City in May 2021 were obtained from the geospatial data cloud. Through data preprocessing and band calculation, the NDVI, WET, NDBSI and LST of the four study areas of Dequan Coal Mine, Heilapan Coal Mine, Xingwang Coal Mine and Yongxing Coal Mine were obtained and normalized..

( 2 ) According to the relative importance scale of comprehensive evaluation of mine environment, the evaluation weights of each factor are assigned. Using the analytic hierarchy process ( AHP ) and the entropy weight method to calculate the weight of the four mining areas respectively, and combining the characteristics of the analytic hierarchy process to measure the weight index with the characteristics of the entropy weight method to avoid the interference of human factors, the comprehensive weight index is obtained. Finally, the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combined with the results of the previous comprehensive weight, comprehensive weight - fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results. The results show that the overall environment of Dequan Coal Mine is better ( grade II ), and the environmental condition is the second in the fourth mining area ; the overall environment of Heilapan Coal Mine is poor ( grade III ), and the environmental condition is the worst in the fourth mining area ; the overall environment of Xingwang Coal Mine is better ( grade II ), and the environmental condition is the best in the fourth mining area ; the overall environment of Yongxing Coal Mine is poor ( grade III ), and the environmental condition is the third in the fourth mining area.

( 3 ) According to the technical characteristics of mine environmental restoration and treatment, the restoration and treatment technology is divided into engineering treatment technology, ecological restoration technology and bioremediation technology, and the principles and functions of the three technologies are elaborated in detail. At the same time, the production status, natural geography, geological conditions and socio-economic conditions of the mining area and the comprehensive evaluation results of the ecological environment in the four research areas of Dequan Coal Mine, Heilapan Coal Mine, Xingwang Coal Mine and Yongxing Coal Mine are summarized. Based on this, the restoration and treatment measures and development and utilization prospects of the four research areas are proposed, which provides a reliable basis for the implementation of specific mine environmental restoration and treatment.

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