随着“一带一路”战略的实施，在我国西部地区遇到越来越多寒区岩石工程问题。受寒区昼夜小周期和季节大周期交替循环作用，岩石初始细观损伤不断加剧，进而岩石力学性能劣化，引发寒区岩石工程灾害。因此探讨冻融和荷载共同作用下，砂岩细观结构损伤特性研究对大量兴起的寒区工程建设具有重要意义。本文以冻融环境下的砂岩为研究对象，通过开展单轴压缩作用下的CT实时扫描试验，采用数字图像处理技术，基于数字体相关法，获得砂岩内部精确孔裂隙结构数据，定量分析冻融砂岩单轴压缩过程中细观结构损伤特性。主要完成的工作及结论有：

（1）完成了冻融砂岩在单轴压缩荷载作用下的细观结构演化的CT实时扫描试验，获得了不同冻融循环次数下岩样各个破坏阶段各扫描层位的CT数据和CT图像，从而对冻融砂岩单轴压缩过程中细观结构精准识别提供可行有效方法。

（2）分别使用了高斯滤波，中值滤波，各向异性扩散滤波及非局部均值滤波法对CT图像进行降噪处理，结果表明非局部均值滤波能够去除噪声并保护加载过程中冻融岩样CT图像的细节特征，是冻融砂岩CT图像降噪的有效方法。

（3）基于岩样孔隙率，运用反推法，结合孔隙面积-阈值曲线拐点交互式阈值分割法，得到了加载前和加载过程中岩样CT图像的最佳分割阈值，完成了冻融岩样CT图像分割，为定量分析单轴压缩下冻融岩样细观损伤提供了基础。

（4）在对试验所得冻融砂岩加载过程中不同扫描层位CT图像降噪、分割、三维重建基础上，获得了冻融砂岩加载过程的各扫描层面细观结构损伤的二维CT图像及三维裂隙图像。分析表明：冻融循环作用下岩样破坏由受剪应力破坏产生单一贯通剪切面，逐渐变为受拉应力及剪应力组合破坏，且冻融作用导致岩样破坏时，剪切及张拉破坏面数量不断增多；在单轴压缩过程中岩样内部孔裂隙体积呈现出先缓慢减小，再缓慢增大，最后急剧增大的变化规律。变化过程对应着岩样受荷载作用发生的孔隙裂隙压密阶段、弹性变形阶段及峰值破坏阶段；随着冻融循环次数的增加，砂岩内部孔隙及裂纹等损伤扩展方向由顶部和底部两端向中间扩展，破坏模式由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏；在单轴压缩过程中岩样内部产生大量贯通性连接剪切裂纹，破坏后孔隙率大幅上升。其中经历低次冻融循环的砂岩，破坏后内部孔裂隙结构以复杂的小孔隙为主，裂隙占比较低。而经历高次冻融循环砂岩，破坏后简单裂纹的扩展占主导地位，孔隙结构占比较少。

（5）在对三维重构表征单元体定量分析的基础上，运用三维孔喉结构表征冻融砂岩内部孔隙与喉道间的数量关系及连通特征。从三维细观尺度探讨冻融砂岩受荷过程中细观结构损伤演化规律。结果表明：受冻融循环作用影响，在岩样加载过程中，小孔隙占比减小，中孔大孔占比增大，且岩样内部喉道数目与渗透率密切相关，渗透率大小主要由内部喉道数量决定。由于冻融循环作用改变了砂岩内部初始细观损伤结构，单轴压缩荷载作用是的岩石矿物颗粒进一步滑移错动，孔隙萌生、扩展，损伤区域逐步连通，喉道发生合并及扩容，从而引起裂隙体积形状改变，最终导致破坏模式的改变。

（6）基于数字体相关法对冻融砂岩加载过程的位移场和应变场进行了分析。分析结果表明：冻融循环作用下岩样的损伤是由表及里的渐进过程，受冻融循环作用影响，岩样加载过程中内部位移和应变范围不断扩大，大小不断增长。其中，破坏前和破坏后位移场与应变场分布图形中，高位移和应变分布区域形状与岩样破坏时裂纹形态一致。因此，本文提出的基于CT图像的数字体相关法能够对冻融岩石在单轴压缩荷载作用下的破坏进行预测。

With the implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" strategy, more and more rock engineering problems in cold regions have been encountered in western my country. Affected by the alternating cycles of small day and night cycles and large seasonal cycles in cold regions, the initial fine-grained damage of rocks continues to intensify, and then the mechanical properties of rocks deteriorate, causing rock engineering disasters in cold regions. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the micro-damage evolution characteristics of sandstone under the combined action of freeze-thaw and load for the construction of a large number of cold regions. In this paper, taking the sandstone under the freezing and thawing environment as the research object, by carrying out the real-time CT scanning test under the action of uniaxial compression, using the digital image processing technology, based on the digital volume correlation method, the accurate pore (crack) structure data inside the sandstone is obtained, and the quantitative data is obtained. Analysis of structural damage characteristics of frozen-thawed sandstone during uniaxial compression. The main completed work and conclusions are:

(1) The CT real-time scanning test of the structural evolution of the frozen-thawed sandstone under the action of uniaxial compressive load was completed, and the CT data and CT images of each scanning horizon of the rock sample at each failure stage under different freeze-thaw cycles were obtained. Therefore, it provides a feasible and effective method for the accurate identification of the mesostructure of the frozen-thawed sandstone during uniaxial compression.

(2) Gaussian filtering, median filtering, anisotropic diffusion filtering and non-local mean filtering were used to denoise CT images respectively. The results show that non-local mean filtering can remove noise and protect frozen and thawed rock samples during loading. The detailed features of CT images are an effective method for noise reduction of frozen-thawed sandstone CT images.

(3) Based on the porosity of the rock sample, using the inverse method, combined with the pore area-threshold curve inflection point interactive threshold segmentation method, the optimal segmentation threshold of the CT image of the rock sample before and during the loading process was obtained, and the frozen-thawed rock was completed. It provides a basis for quantitative analysis of microscopic damage of frozen-thawed rock samples under uniaxial compression.

(4) On the basis of noise reduction, segmentation and 3D reconstruction of CT images of different scanning horizons during the loading process of the frozen-thawed sandstone obtained from the experiment, the two-dimensional CT images of the meso-structural damage of each scanning horizon during the loading process of the frozen-thawed sandstone were obtained. 3D fissure image. The analysis shows that under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, the failure of the rock sample is from shear stress failure to produce a single through shear plane, which gradually becomes the combined failure of tensile stress and shear stress. The number of failure surfaces keeps increasing; in the process of uniaxial compression, the volume of pores (cracks) inside the rock sample firstly decreases slowly, then increases slowly, and finally increases sharply. The change process corresponds to the pore and fissure compaction stage, elastic deformation stage and peak damage of the rock sample under load; with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the damage propagation direction of pores and cracks in the sandstone is from the top and bottom ends to the middle. expansion, the failure mode changes from brittle failure to ductile failure. During the uniaxial compression process, a large number of through-connection shear cracks are generated inside the rock sample, and the porosity increases significantly after the failure. Among them, the sandstone that has undergone low-order freeze-thaw cycles, the internal pore and fissure structure after failure is dominated by complex small pores, and the proportion of cracks is low, while the sandstone that has experienced high-order freeze-thaw cycles, the expansion of simple cracks after failure dominates, and the pore structure less proportion.

(5) On the basis of the quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the characterization unit, the three-dimensional pore-throat structure is used to characterize the quantitative relationship and connectivity between the pores and throats in the frozen-thawed sandstone. From the three-dimensional meso-scale, the evolution law of fine-tunnel damage structure during the loading process of frozen-thawed sandstone is discussed. The results show that: under the influence of freeze-thaw cycles, during the loading process of rock samples, the proportion of small pores decreases, while the proportion of mesopores and large pores increases, and the number of internal throats of the rock sample is closely related to the permeability, and the permeability is mainly Determined by the number of internal throats. Because the freeze-thaw cycle changes the initial meso-damage structure inside the sandstone, the uniaxial compressive load causes the rock mineral particles to further slip and dislocate, pores are initiated and expanded, the damaged area is gradually connected, and the throat merges and expands, resulting in The fracture volume shape changes, eventually leading to a change in the failure mode.

(6) Based on the digital volume correlation method, the displacement field and strain field of the frozen-thawed sandstone loading process are analyzed. The analysis results show that the damage of the rock sample under the action of freeze-thaw cycle is a gradual process from the surface to the inside. Under the influence of the freeze-thaw cycle, the internal displacement and strain range and the size of the rock sample continue to expand during the loading process. Among them, the shape of the high displacement and strain distribution areas in the distribution graph of the displacement field and strain field before and after the failure is consistent with the crack shape when the rock sample is damaged. Therefore, the CT image-based digital volume correlation method proposed in this paper can predict the failure of frozen-thawed rocks under uniaxial compressive loading.

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