泡沫防灭火技术是采空区煤自燃防治的主要技术手段之一。泡沫的稳定性和时效性对煤自燃的防治效果影响很大，为进一步提高泡沫的防灭火性能，本文制备了凝胶泡沫材料，并进行物理性能表征，研究其抑制煤自燃的性能。

      凝胶泡沫以表面活性剂、稳泡剂、凝胶体系和功能助剂为原料，经高速机械搅拌发泡形成。首先研究了凝胶泡沫成分配比对泡沫性能的影响，确定了表面活性剂（SDS:APG0810），稳泡剂（GG-XG），凝胶体系（HPAM-AlCit），制备出了功能助剂（SAP-OPC）。其次，采用响应面分析法设计优化试验，以发泡体积大、稳定性好为优化目标，得到优化后的成分配比为：表面活性剂0.92%、稳泡剂0.49%、凝胶体系0.34%及功能助剂0.55%。

      开展了凝胶泡沫的成膜性能、液膜稳定性、热稳定性、流动性及凝结性等基本物理特性测试。凝胶泡沫覆盖煤体后形成一层结构紧密、具有复吸水性的胶体层，实现对煤体的覆盖隔氧；采用体视显微镜发现凝胶泡沫数量缓慢下降且直径分布集中，泡沫液膜稳定性强；凝胶泡沫的热稳定性好，高温下失水率低，随温度升高失水率由表面控制逐渐变为扩散控制，建立了不同温度下失水率与时间的函数关系；凝胶泡沫具有剪切稀化特性，高温下粘度明显降低；凝胶泡沫对松散煤体具有凝结性，减小煤与氧气接触面积。

      研究了凝胶泡沫对煤自燃的抑制效果。采用程序升温实验装置分析了凝胶泡沫对煤体耗氧速率和指标性气体生成率的影响，煤温100℃时对煤体的阻化率为74.48%；利用热重分析仪测试了凝胶泡沫对煤体特征温度点的影响，煤体可燃性、稳燃性和综合燃烧指数较原煤均有所下降，降低了煤体的燃烧敏感度；使用红外光谱仪分析了煤体官能团变化，通过Gaussain拟合得出凝胶泡沫降低了煤氧化过程中脂肪烃和含氧官能团的含量，抑制和延缓煤自燃反应进程；通过全自动压汞仪分析凝胶泡沫对煤体孔隙结构的影响，煤体孔隙率和平均孔径降低，减少了煤体漏风通道，降低煤体孔隙间的含氧量。

      Foam fire prevention technology is one of the main technical means of goaf coal spontaneous combustion prevention. The stability and timeliness of foam have a great influence on the prevention and control effect of coal spontaneous combustion. In order to further improve the fire prevention and extinguishing performance of foam, gel foam materials were prepared in this thesis, and their physical properties were characterized to study the performance of inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion.

      Gel foam was formed by high speed mechanical stirring foaming using surfactant, foam stabilizer, gel system and functional additives as raw materials. Firstly, the effect of gel foam composition ratio on foam properties was studied. Surfactant ( SDS: APG0810 ), foam stabilizer ( GG-XG ), gel system ( HPAM-AlCit ) were determined, and functional additives ( SAP-OPC ) were prepared. Secondly, the response surface analysis method was used to design the optimization experiment. With large foaming volume and well stability as the optimization objectives, the optimized composition ratio was: surfactant 0.92%, foam stabilizer 0.49%, gel system 0.34% and functional additives 0.55%, respectively.

      The basic physical properties such as film-forming property, liquid film stability, thermal stability, fluidity and setting property of gel foam were tested. The gel foam covers the coal and forms a layer of colloidal layer with close structure and water absorption, which realizes the cover and oxygen insulation of the coal. The stereomicroscope showed that the number of gel foams decreases slowly and the diameter distribution is concentrated, and the foam liquid film is stable. The gel foam has good thermal stability and low water loss rate at high temperature. With the increase of temperature, the water loss rate gradually changes from surface control to diffusion control, and the functional relationship between water loss rate and time at different temperatures is established. Gel foam has shear thinning characteristics, and the viscosity decreases significantly at high temperature; gel foam has condensation on loose coal, reducing the contact area between coal and oxygen.

      The inhibition effect of gel foam on coal spontaneous combustion was studied. The influence of gel foam on oxygen consumption rate and index gas formation rate of coal was analyzed by temperature programmed experiment device. The inhibition rate of coal at 100°C is 74.48%. The influence of gel foam on the characteristic temperature point of coal was tested by thermogravimetric analyzer. The flammability, flame stability and comprehensive combustion index of coal are lower than those of raw coal, which reduced the combustion sensitivity of coal. The change of coal functional groups was analyzed by infrared spectrometer. Gaussain fitting showed that gel foam reduced the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups during coal oxidation, and inhibited and delayed the process of coal spontaneous combustion. The influence of gel foam on the pore structure of coal was analyzed by automatic mercury porosimetry. The porosity and average pore size of coal decreased, which reduced the air leakage channel of coal and the oxygen content between the pores of coal.

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