由于二维纳米材料具有独特的光电特性的，因此，对于制备二维纳米材料原材料的研发迄今成为基础物理、矿物开发等研究的焦点之一。但是，二维纳米材料中石墨烯为零带隙，多层二硫化钼是间接带隙，黑磷的不稳定、不容易制备等问题影响其发展。新型二维纳米材料层状硫（S-NSs）的出现，使二维纳米材料进入新的研究领域，为二维纳米材料的学科发展带来新的机遇。但是，目前S-NSs合成方法存在耗时长、产量低等问题，合成方法的缺点是限制层状二维纳米材料S-NSs性能开发的瓶颈问题，开发简单、快速、产量高的合成新方法，为研究其光电化学特性有着重要的科学意义。另外随着能源危机问题日益凸显，锂硫电池具有输出电压高的优势，硫正极材料表现出比容量高（2600 Whkg^-1）、资源丰富、环境友好等特点，使得锂硫电池成为一种应用前景广泛的高能量密度的电池体系；然而锂硫电池还存在着导电性差、“穿梭效应”和锂晶枝等问题。提高硫基正极材料的导电性和稳定性，开发新型硫正极材料是解决锂硫电池问题的主要研究方向。本研究以S-NSs为依托，利用电解法建立了二维纳米材料S-NSs合成新方法；利用煤基碳纳米管CNTs为固硫载体，考察S-NSs/CNTs复合材料硫正极在锂-硫电池中的电化学性能，具体开展了两方面研究工作。

（1）建立了S-NSs的合成新方法。分别以硫磺、黄铁矿和硫脲为硫源，聚3，4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT:PSS）或者牛血清蛋白（BSA）作为稳定剂，在水溶液中直流电解硫源成功地制备了新型二维S-NSs纳米材料；考察了硫源种类及用量、稳定剂种类及用量、电解时间等对合成S-NSs纳米材料的影响。利用TEM、XRD等手段考察了合成S-NSs材料的光电物理特性。

以煤基CNTs为固硫载体，将合成的S-NSs材料通过静电作用与煤基CNTs形成S-NSs/CNTs复合材料并作为锂硫电池正极材料；旨在设计二维层状结构的S-NSs为硫基电极，利用煤基CNTs提高硫材料的导电性，提高电池的电化学充放电性能。在0.1 C下，S-NSs/CNTs复合材料正极首次放电比容量为888.5 mAhg^-1，相比于升华硫S/CNTs复合材料正极的首次放电比容量（355 mAhg^-1）提高了近三倍。在0.1 C 的循环电流下，S-NSs/CNTs复合材料正极往复40圈后的放电容量为 450 mAhg^-1，保持率为46.6 %，每圈的容量衰减率仅为0.193 %。S-NSs结合了CNTs高的导电性，有效缓解了锂硫电池的穿梭溶解，提升了电池的反应速率，提高了电池的电化学性能。

本研究建立的合成S-NSs新方法简单、快速、产量高，为二维S-NSs材料的性能开发提供方便，有助于促进二维纳米材料学科的发展；煤基CNTs对S-NSs的固硫作用以及二维S-NSs在电池中的应用，为锂硫电池正极的结构设计提供了新的思路。

Due to the unique photoelectric properties of two-dimensional nanomaterials, the research and development of raw materials for the preparation of two-dimensional nanomaterials has become one of the focuses of basic physics, mineral development and other research. At present, graphene has zero band gap in two-dimensional nanomaterials, and multi-layer molybdenum disulfide has an indirect band gap. The instability of black phosphorus and its difficulty in preparation affect its development. The emergence of a new type of two-dimensional nanomaterial layered sulfur (S-NSs) has brought the research of two-dimensional nanomaterials into a new research field. In view of the problems of time-consuming and low-yield synthesis of S-NSs, it is of great scientific significance to develop a new synthesis method with high speed and high-yield for the study of the photoelectrochemical properties. In addition, with the increasingly prominent energy crisis, lithium-sulfur batteries have the advantage of high output voltage, and sulfur cathode materials have the characteristics of high specific capacity (2600 Whkg^-1), abundant resources, and environmental friendliness, making lithium-sulfur batteries an application a promising high-energy-density battery system; However, lithium-sulfur batteries still suffer from poor conductivity, "shuttle effect" and lithium dendrites. Improving the conductivity and stability of sulfur-based cathode materials and developing new sulfur cathode materials are the main research directions to solve the problems of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this study, a new method for the synthesis of two-dimensional S-NSs was established by electrolysis techinique. Coal-based carbon nanotube CNTs were used as sulfur carriers, and the electrochemical performance of S-NSs/CNTs composite as sulfur positive electrode in lithium sulfur battery was investigated in detail.

(1) A new method for synthesizing S-NSs is established. Sulfur, pyrite and thiourea were used as sulfur sources, Poly-3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) was sued as stabilizer. The lyaered 2D S-NSs nanomaterials were successfully prepared by DC electrolysis in ultrapure water. The effects of the type and amount of sulfur source, the type and amount of stabilizer, and the electrolysis time on the synthesis of S-NSs nanomaterials were investigated. The photoelectric physical properties of the synthesized S-NSs were investigated by means of TEM and XRD.

(2) Using coal-based CNTs as a sulfur carrier, the synthesized S-NSs materials were electrostatically interacted with coal-based CNTs to form S-NSs/CNTs composite materials which was used as cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries. The aim  using coal-based CNTs is to improve the conductivity of the composite material which improves the electrochemical charging and discharging performance of the battery. At 0.1 C, the first discharge specific capacity of the S-NSs/CNTs composite cathode is 888.5 mAhg^-1, which is nearly three times higher than the first discharge specific capacity (355.0 mAhg^-1) of the sublimated sulfur S/CNTs composite cathode. At a cycling current of 0.1 C, the discharge capacity of the S-NSs/CNTs composite cathode after 40 cycles of reciprocation is 450 mAhg^-1, and the retention rate is 46.6 %. The capacity decay rate is only 0.193 % for every cycle. Combined with the high conductivity of CNTs, S-NSs with the unique layered structure can effectively alleviate the shuttle dissolution of lithium-sulfur batteries, increase the reaction rate of the battery, and improve the electrochemical performance of the battery.

The new method for synthesizing S-NSs established in this study is simple, rapid and high-yield, which provides convenience for the further study of the potential properties of two-dimensional S-NSs materials. The application of two-dimensional layered S-NSs in batteries provide a new idea for the structural design of lithium-sulfur battery cathodes.

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