同步器是机械式手动变速箱中的关键零部件，在变速箱换档时具有重要功能。同步器的应用使得换档操作更简单，既降低司机的操作劳动强度，又可避免未同步啮合产生的换档冲击。然而，随着汽车工业的不断发展，现在广泛应用的单锥面式同步器受结构限制已经无法满足重型变速器的使用要求，在实际使用中经常出现同步时间过长，换档困难，同步环磨损严重的问题。一方面，随着汽车发动机转速和输出功率的不断提高，离合器和变速箱的转动惯量越来越大；另一方面，人们又要求换档的过程更轻便、更舒适，这一矛盾尤为突出。因此，不断优化和改善同步器的性能，从而减小换档力和同步时间以及延长变速箱寿命具有极其重要的意义。采用多锥面式同步器并确定合理的结构和设计参数能有效地解决这一问题。 本文通过对同步器的同步过程进行理论分析，结合目前同步器研究发展最迫切需要解决的两大主要问题，即减小换档力和缩短同步时间，提出了一种多锥式同步器结构。多锥式同步器通过多锥面摩擦的原理产生多个同步摩擦力矩，在无需增大换档力的情况下便可增大同步力矩，实现快速同步，同时可降低摩擦环磨损，提高同步器使用寿命。 根据需要添加多个锥面以增加同步力矩的要求并结合锁销式同步器的结构特点，设计比较了两种不同类型的多锥面式摩擦结构，确定锁销式多锥同步器的最终结构方案。根据锁销式同步器设计原则及空间布置形式，确定了以三锥式为例的锁销式多锥同步器总体布置方案，并对主要的零件参数进行了设计。运用ADAMS虚拟样机模型对所设计的多锥式同步器进行了同步性能仿真实验，并通过与单锥式、双锥式和多片式同步器仿真同步性能的比较分析，验证多锥式结构设计方案的可行性。

The synchronizer is the very important part of the mechanical manual transmission, when gearbox shift it has important function. Application of the synchronizer makes the shift operation more easily, and at the same time reduce the driver's operation labor intensity, and it can also avoid not synchromesh shift shock. However, with the continuous development of automobile industry, now the widely used single cone type synchronizer already has been limited by the structure, it can't satisfy the use requirement of heavy-duty transmissions, At practical use it often appears the actually synchronization time is too long, shift difficult, and it has a problem that the synchronization ring wear serious. On the one hand, with the continuous improvement of automobile engine speed and power output, the rotational inertia of the clutch and gearbox is bigger and bigger, on the other hand, people asked for the process of shift is more lighter, comfort, and this contradiction is particularly prominent. Therefore, continuously optimize and improve the performance of the synchronizer, so as to reduce the shift force and synchronization time and extend the life of the transmission, has an extremely important significance. Using multiple cone type synchronizer and determine a reasonable structure and design parameters can effectively solve the problem. The article bases on the synchronizer synchronization process carries on the theoretical analysis, combining the most urgent need to solve two major problems in the synchronizer of research and development, which requiring reduces the shift force and shorten synchronization time, puts forward a kind of structure that multiple cone type synchronizer. Multiple cone type synchronizer by cone friction principle produce multiple synchronous friction torque, without increasing the shift force torque can be increased under the condition of synchronization, achieve rapid synchronization, at the same time it can decrease the friction of ring wear, and this type synchronizer can improve the service life of the synchronizer. According to the need to add multiple cone to increase synchronous torque requirements and combine with the structure characteristics of a locking pin type synchronizer, design and compare the two different types of friction cone type structure, determine the lock pin type cone synchronizer as the final structure scheme. According to the lock pin type synchronizer design principles and space layout form, determine the three cone type as an example and combine with the lock pin type cone synchronizer general arrangement plan, and design the parameters of the main parts. Using the software ADAMS build the virtual prototype model and the performance simulation experiment was carried out with the designed of cone type synchronizer synchronization, by single cone type, double cone type and multiple cone type synchronizer synchronization performance simulation analysis of the comparison, prove that the multiple cone type construction design scheme is feasible.