我国是“富煤、贫油、少气”的国家，煤炭资源在我国能源结构中占主体地位，煤炭的安全开采是社会稳定和发展的基石。陕北浅埋煤层有地质条件简单、煤质优良、煤层埋藏浅、易于开采、生产成本低的特点，但极易发生突水溃砂灾害，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失，因此，突水溃砂日益成为广大学者研究的焦点。 突水溃砂是由浅埋深、薄基岩、富含潜水的厚松散覆盖层这种特殊的地质环境决定的，受水文地质、工程地质、煤层、覆岩等条件以及开采方式等诸多因素的影响。本文以具有薄基岩、浅埋煤层、富水松散层特点的韩家湾煤矿2-2煤开采入手，分析了突水溃砂的影响因素，建立了突水溃砂灾害的力学分析模型，并在此基础上提出了突水溃砂灾害的防治技术。将该项防治技术应用于韩家湾煤矿开采过程中，成功预防了突水溃砂事故的发生，保障了工作面的安全生产，取得了良好的技术、经济和社会效益。 本文通过研究主要获得以下成果： （1）根据韩家湾2-2煤工程地质与水文地质条件，分析了突水溃砂的影响因素及发生机理。总结出发生突水溃砂现象必须具备四方面条件：有充足的饱和含水砂层；有足够的过水砂通道；含水层潜伏的水头压力在扰动作用下形成的动水压力足以使砂颗粒移动；有足够的容水砂空间，在浅埋煤层地质环境下，当顶板薄基岩发生断裂，动水压力达到某一临界值后，就会造成大量的水砂混合流溃入巷道和采空区。 （2）根据“两带”发育高度计算结果，2-2煤层采厚平均为4.4m，理论计算两带高度分别为：冒落带13.29m，导水裂隙带高度46.95m，预计2-2煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度将波及到上覆基岩含水层，其开采过程中会出现突水溃砂事故。 （3）在支架后方，其上部老顶岩石由于挠曲形变产生的拉张力裂隙，总体沿垂向产生裂隙，裂隙呈上宽下窄的特点，在重力作用下，沿深度较大裂隙面形成滑动和错断离层，错断垂距一般在0.7～1.5m，该滑动直达上覆基岩含水层，必然导致含水层水溃入工作面，局部裂隙裂缝较宽区域，可能会导致突水溃砂。 （4）提出突水溃砂的综合防治技术。综合分析突水溃砂的影响因素及形成条件，根据韩家湾煤矿防治水要求，进行矿井富水区防治水工程方案设计，内容包括：工程布置、施工工艺、安全技术措施等。在此基础上，设计矿井水综合利用方案、提出矿井水害防治措施、制定防水、防砂应急方案。

China is a country with rich coal，poor oil and less gas. Coal resources occupy the dominant position in China's energy structure. The cornerstone of social stability and development depend on safety coal mining. The shallow buried coal seam in Northern Shaanxi has the characteristics of simple geological conditions，good coal quality，shallow buried coal seam，easy mining and low production cost，however，it’s easy to cause the disaster of the sand inrush and water blasting，causing heavy casualties and property losses. Therefore，the sand inrush and water blasting has become the focus of the majority of scholars. The sand inrush and water blasting is determined by the special geological environment， such as shallow buried depth，thin bedrock and thick and loose overburden which is rich in diving，affected by many factors，such as hydrogeology，engineering geology，coal seam， overlying strata and mining methods. This paper depend on characteristics of thin bedrock，shallow coal seam，water-rich and loose sand bed in three panel of 2-2 coal mining in Hanjiawan.The influencing factors of water inrush and sand bursting are analyzed and the mechanics analysis model of water inrush and sand disaster is established. On this basis，the prevention and control technology of sand inrush and water blasting disaster are put forward.The prevention and control technology，applied to the mining process in hanjiawan Coal Mine， has get a greet success in preventing the sand inrush and water blasting disaster，ensuring the safe production of the working face，achieving a good technical，economic and social effects. This paper mainly obtains the following results： (1) According to the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the 2-2 coal in the three plate area，the influencing factors and mechanism of water inrush and sand erosion are analyzed. It is concluded that there must be four conditions for water inrush and sand bursting：plenty of saturated water-bearing sand layer；enough water-bearing sand channel；dynamic hydraulic pressure generated by the disturbance of the latent head pressure in the aquifer can able to make the sand granule move；enough room for water and sand. In the shallow-buried seam geological environment，when the roof thin bedrock fractured，dynamic hydraulic pressure reaches a critical value，it will cause a large number of mixed flow of sand and water into the roadway and goaf. (2) According to the computing height of “two-zone”，the average thickness of 2-2 coal seam is 4.4m. Theoretical calculation height of “two-zone” respectively shows that the height of caved zone is 13.29m，the height of water flowing fractured zone is 46.95m.It is expected that the development height of 2-2 coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone will affect the overlying bedrock aquifer，and there may be sand inrush and water blasting disaster during the mining process. (3) Behind the supports，the tension cracks of main roof rock caused by flexural deformation totally direct the vertical direction，and the top of cracks is wide and below of it is narrow. Under the action of gravity，the formation of larger cracks along the depth of sliding and dislocation separation，fault offset is generally 0.7~1.5m，the direct sliding bedrock aquifer，the aquifer water will inevitably lead to collapse into the face，the local fractured wide area may lead to sand inrush and water blasting disaster. (4) Comprehensive prevention and control technology of water inrush and sand bursting is put forwarded. The formation conditions and influencing factors of comprehensive analysis of water inrush of sand are comprehensively analysised，according to the requirements of water prevention in Hanjiawan coal mining，designing project proposals for water prevention in water-rich area，including project layout，construction technology and safety measures. On this basis，the comprehensive plan of using mine water is designed，mine water disaster prevention measures are put forwarded，water and sand prevention emergency plan is formulate.