水资源短缺已经成为一种普遍的社会现象，缺水已经成为城市化和工业化发展的瓶颈。水作为一种资源不仅具有商品价值还存在本身的价值，对于城市而言，雨水是一种最根本、最直接、最经济的水资源，它对调节、补充地区水资源和改善及保护生态环境起着极为关键的作用，因此实现雨水有效利用对城市化发展具有重要的意义。 以典型北方城市---西安市为例，对城市雨水资源的价值进行探讨，利用模型分析了雨水资源潜力。 在雨水水质监测实验基础上，分析城市工业区、商业区、文教区水质情况。根据下垫面的不同，对道路雨水和屋面雨水水质进行分析和比较。 在总结雨水收集利用系统以及雨水处理方法基础上，设计典型小区雨水利用方案。取得如下主要成果： （1）在降水保证率为50%的条件下，西安市年内雨水资源理论潜力高达1.372×108m3，实际可收集雨水资源潜力0.423×108m3，雨水潜力价值0.881×108元。雨水资源经济价值相当可观。 （2）雨水径流中污染物浓度，随着降雨持续逐渐降低并逐渐达到稳定。径流10min之后，雨水中的COD浓度一般降到150mg/L以下，SS浓度降到200mg/L以下。水质可以达到三级用水的标准。 （3）雨水利用系统主要由雨水集蓄系统和雨水处理系统两部分构成，雨水集蓄系统包括屋面雨水集蓄系统和路面雨水集蓄系统。 （4）以西安科技大学雁塔校区为实例进行雨水资源利用规划设计。结果表明：和传统雨水排放进行比较，在雨水处理阶段采用人工植被土壤过滤净化处理，运行成本1.945元/m3，低于西安现行水价2.55元/m3。

ABSTRACT Water shortages have become a common social phenomenon. Water shortages have become the bottleneck of industrial development. Water as a resource has not only commercial value but own value. Rainwater is a water resource, so it has a corresponding value. For cities, rainwater is the most kind of fundamental straight economical of water resource and important part of water circulation system of nature, at the same time, it is the key effect to adjust 、supplement water resource and improve 、protect environment. Therefore, realizing effective collection and utilization to urban development is of great significance. Taking typical northern city —Xi'an for Example, it has studied value of water resources and analyzes potentiality of water resource by the mobel. Based on experiments of rainwater quality, this paper analyzed of water quality of Xi’an industrial, commercial, cultural district. According to the different underlying surface, it analyzed and compared between on the road and roof runoff water quality. Based on summarize use of rainwater collection systems and stormwater treatment method, this paper have designed use programs of typical residential water .Results are as follows: (1) Guaranteed rate of 50% in precipitation conditions, the theoretical potential of rainwater during the year in Xi'an high 1.372 × 108m3, the actual potential of rainwater can be collected 0.423 × 108m3, water potential value 0.881 × 108 yuan. Economic value of water resources is considerable. (2) Concentration of pollutants in stormwater runoff, as the rain continued to gradually reduce and gradually achieve stability. 10min runoff after rain reduced the COD concentration is generally 150mg / L the following, SS concentration dropped to 200mg / L or less. Water quality can meet the three criteria. (3) Rainwater utilization system mainly consists of rainwater harvesting systems and two parts water treatment systems, rainwater harvesting system consists of roof rainwater harvesting system rainwater collection systems and roads. (4)Yanta District Xi'an University of Technology as an example for rain water resource use planning design. The results showed that: compared conventional drainage, the stormwater treatment stage filtration and purification of artificial vegetation and soil treatment, operation cost 1.945 yuan / m3, lower than the current price 2.55 yuan / m3 in Xi'an.