洛河组含水层是黄陇侏罗纪煤田广泛分布的主要含水层，厚度巨大，富水性以中等为主，洛河组含水层对矿区水资源保护，矿井安全开采意义重大。高家堡煤矿是顶板洛河组砂岩含水层高强度充水的典型矿井，现矿井涌水量已达5000～6000m³/h，为黄陇侏罗纪煤田彬长矿区矿井涌水量最大的矿井，矿井充水水源主要为洛河组含水层地下水。本文以高家堡井田为研究区，采用沉积环境分析、水文地质分析、微观孔裂隙结构测试、数值模拟以及工程试验等方法，对洛河组地层进行了精细划分，对洛河组各层段水文地质条件进行了精细解析，揭示了洛河组富水性差异的形成机理。在此基础上，研发了减少矿井涌水量的技术及成套关键技术，并成功应用于工程实践。

通过矿物成分和砂岩粒度等测试，地质剖面写实以及各层段地层学特征研究，确定了洛河组两个最重要的标志层，其中上标志层为洛河组中部区域性厚层冲积相含砾砂岩，下标志层为厚层泥岩。以这两个标志层为界将洛河组划分为3段：上段主要为沙漠相沉积，其次为河流相沉积，岩性以巨粒-细粒砂岩为主，粒度较粗，偶含泥岩夹层；中段以沙漠相沉积为主，发育多期冲积相和旱谷亚相含砾砂岩，湿丘间亚相泥岩和粉粒砂岩增多，岩性以中-细粒砂岩为主；下段含石膏和方沸石化学沉积，以湖泊相沉积为主，岩性以厚层泥岩、粉砂岩为主。发现了鄂尔多斯盆地南部长武地区洛河组早期为滨浅湖沉积，确定了湖盆边界。提出了洛河组湖泊-冲积-风成沉积模式。

通过双Packer分层抽水试验、分布式光纤声波传感技术、流量测井，以及环境水化学等方法，揭示了高家堡井田洛河组各层段水文地质条件的垂向差异：洛河组垂向富水性由强到弱依次为上段、中段、下段，水质和水力联系亦呈现上好下差的规律。

通过NMR、CT以及孔渗测试，揭示了洛河组上段风成细砂岩有效孔隙度较高，水成巨粒砂岩、粗粒砂岩含微裂隙，含＞241μm的连通孔，这是造成上段富水性较强的微观机理。上段含砾砂岩占比小于中段，主要岩性为巨粒-细粒砂岩，故上段富水性较强；中段厚层冲积相含砾砂岩的孔隙度、有效孔隙度和饱和含水率最低，且中段以中细粒砂岩沉积为主，水成中粒砂岩孔隙度较低，泥岩和粉粒砂岩占比显著增加，中段富水性较上段弱；下段岩性为厚层泥岩夹粉粒砂岩，富水性更弱。提出了影响研究区洛河组含水层富水性的9个主控因素，采用随机森林方法对洛河组含水层富水性进行了评价，富水性呈现西强东弱的规律。

采用实测、定向钻孔探查、数值模拟方法研究了覆岩裂隙发育规律，提出了研究区大采高、高地压条件下的导水裂隙带高度预测模型，并给出了适用条件。

基于洛河组含水层垂向富水性差异，研发了煤层开采前，通过地面定向钻孔在顶板巨厚洛河组砂岩含水层中实施侧向帷幕和平面注浆改造的“箱型”模式预注浆减水技术。减水关键技术包括：洛河组砂岩帷幕注浆层位选择关键技术、洛河组砂岩帷幕注浆丛式井主孔和套管多次重复利用成孔关键技术、洛河组砂岩高压劈裂注浆关键技术、洛河组砂岩箱式注浆钻注减水关键技术。该技术成功应用于四盘区洛河组含水层治理工程，减水效果显著，保证了工作面安全回采。

The aquifer of Luohe Formation is the main aquifer widely distributed in the Jurassic coal field of Huanglong, with huge thickness and medium water richness. The aquifer of Luohe Formation is of great significance to the protection of water resources and the safe mining of mine. Gaojiabu Coal mine is a typical mine with high intensity water inrush in Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer. The current mine water inflow has reached 5000 to 6000 cubic meters per hour, which is the largest mine water inflow in Binchang mining area of Jurassic coal field in Huanglong, and the main water source of mine water filling is Luohe Formation. In this paper, the Gaojiabu coal mine is taken as the research area. Using sedimentary environment analysis, hydrogeological analysis, micro-pore and fissure structure testing, numerical simulation, physical simulation of similar materials and engineering tests, etc, the strata of Luohe Formation is finely divided, the stratum and hydrogeological conditions are finely analyzed, and the formation mechanism of water richness difference in Luohe Formation is revealed. On this basis, the technology of reducing mine water inflow and a set of key technologies are developed and successfully applied to engineering practice.

Two important marker layers of Luohe Formation are identified through mineral composition and sand grain size testing, geological profile realism and sequence stratigraphy. The upper stratigraphic marker layer is the regional thick alluvial gravelly sandstone in the middle of Luohe Formation, and the lower stratigraphic marker layer is the thick mudstone.The Luohe Formation can be divided into 3 sections based on the boundary between these two stratigraphic marker layer: the upper section is mainly desert facies deposit, followed by fluvial facies deposit. The lithology is mainly giant to medium grained sandstone with coarse grain size and occasionally containing mudstone interlayers. The middle section is dominated by desert facies deposits, multi-stage alluvial facies and dry valley subfacies gravelly sandstones, interwet and dune subfacies mudstone and siltstone increase, and the lithology is mainly medium-fine grained sandstone. The lower section contains chemical deposits of gypsum and zeolite, mainly lacustrine facies, and the lithology is mainly thick mudstone and siltstone. It is explained that Luohe Formation in Changwu area of southern Ordos Basin was a shoreline shallow lake deposit in the early stage, and the boundary of lake basin is determined. It is confirmed that the Luohe Formation in the study area is a lake-alluvian-eolian sedimentary system.

By means of double Packer stratified pumping test, distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology, flow logging and environmental hydrochemistry, the vertical differences of stratum and hydrogeological conditions of Luohe Formation in Gaojiabu coal mine are revealed. The vertical water richness of Luohe Formation is from strong to weak in order of upper section, middle section and lower section, and the relation between water quality and hydraulic power also presents this law.

NMR, CT and permeability tests show that the effective porosity of eolian fine sandstone in the upper section of Luohe Formation is high, and the giant sandstone and coarsegrained sandstone of fluvial facies deposit contain micro-cracks and connected pores greater than 241μm, which is the microscopic mechanism of the strong water richness in the upper section. The proportion of pebbly sandstone in the upper section is smaller than that in the middle section, and the main lithology is giant and fine grained sandstone, so the upper section has strong water richness. The porosity, effective porosity and saturated water content of the pebbled sandstone in the middle section are the lowest, and the middle section is dominated by the medium and fine grained sandstone, the porosity of the medium-grained sandstone of fluvial facies deposit is lower, the proportion of mudstone and silty sandstone is significantly increased, and the water-rich water in the middle section is weaker than that in the upper section. The lithology of the lower section is thick mudstone with silty sandstone, and the water richness is more weaker. The paper puts forward 9 main controlling factors affecting the water richness of Luohe Formation aquifer in the study area, and evaluates the water richness of Luohe Formation aquifer by using random forest method.

The fracture development law of overburden rock is studied by means of actual measurement, directional drilling exploration, numerical simulation and physical similarity simulation based on digital speckle technology. A prediction model for the height of water-flowing fracture zone under large mining height and high ground pressure in the study area is proposed, and the applicable conditions are given.

Based on the difference of vertical water richness of Luohe Formation aquifer, the "box type" pre-grouting technology is developed to implement side curtain and plane grouting transformation in Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer with very thick roof before coal seam mining. The key technologies of water reduction include: Key technology of curtain grouting horizon selection in Luohe Formation sandstone, the key technology of reusing main hole and casing of curtain grouting cluster well in Luohe formation, the key technology of high pressure split grouting in Luohe Formation, and the key technology of curtain grouting and drilling to reduce water in Luohe Formation. This technology has been successfully applied to the treatment project of Luohe Formation in the fourth mining area, and the water reduction effect is remarkable, ensuring the safety of the mining face.

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