我国西部作为国家煤炭资源主产区与重要能源战略承接地，近些年来随着矿山机械装备水平与生产集约化程度不断提高，以大采宽、高推速为特点的高强开采工作面数量越来越多。煤层高强开采条件下，卸压瓦斯涌出强度与涌出量加大，采空区覆岩卸压瓦斯运储区域难以辨识、形态特征更为复杂，导致卸压瓦斯抽采效率不能完全满足安全高效开采需求。论文阐述了高强开采条件下采动覆岩裂隙演化、采空区瓦斯运移及卸压瓦斯抽采等方面的规律与机理，可为高强开采工作面卸压瓦斯抽采提供一定的理论依据与工程借鉴。

论文以典型高强开采矿井为工程背景，通过物理相似模拟实验，分析了采动应力分布及变化规律，覆岩裂隙分布、岩层位移以及垮落岩体碎胀特征。基于分形理论推导了采动裂隙网络分形-渗透方程，并结合现场钻孔窥视以及抽采参数反演了覆岩渗透率的变化规律，得到理论模型计算值与现场渗透率反演值的平均误差为8.11 %。构建了以裂隙开度计算瓦斯流态的控制方程，提出了卸压瓦斯运储区的量化判别准则，并将裂隙网络划分为破断裂隙瓦斯运移优势区、破断裂隙压实瓦斯微渗区、离层裂隙瓦斯运移优势区、离层裂隙压实瓦斯微渗区及离层裂隙瓦斯富集区。

通过FLAC^3D数值模拟，分析了不同推进速度与面宽条件下覆岩应力、岩层位移及塑性区分布特征，利用响应面分析方法得到了两个因素对卸压瓦斯运储区形态特征的交互作用规律。在覆岩位移及应力方面，推速加快时，应力集中在压实区显著减小，超前区域涉及范围增大；面宽增大时，采空区周边支撑压力上升，岩层位移量呈指数型增长，且达到充分采动的距离越小。亚关键层位置岩层完整性较好的“砌体梁”结构及其下方区域是卸压瓦斯抽采重点区域，推速增加时，卸压瓦斯运储区走向延伸长度呈指数增长，倾向宽度基本保持不变；面宽增加时，其走向延伸距离减小，倾向宽度增大。卸压瓦斯运储区面积决定了该区域卸压瓦斯储集空间的大小，可依据面积大小选择相对适宜的瓦斯抽采方法，对面积影响显著性主次排序为：推速线性作用、面宽线性作用、推速非线性作用、两者交互作用、面宽非线性作用。

明确了采空区破碎岩体应力恢复与破碎特征，利用破碎岩体压实-渗流试验系统，研究了不同级配、不同加载速率下破碎岩体压实变形、能量耗散以及渗流特征。发现破碎岩体的压实过程可分为初始压密、弹性压实及塑性压固三个阶段。加载速率的增大或级配的减小均会导致前两阶段的长度减小。第一阶段声发射信号强度与数量均较小，第二阶段声发射信号数量与累计能量耗散呈直线增长模式，第三阶段则表现为衰减式增长模式；加载速率增大会导致声发射累计计数及事件能量等级的提升，而级配的增大则使得事件数量减小与能量等级的增加。试验条件下破碎岩体渗透率为1.6×10^-9~3.5×10^-7 m²，级配与加载速率增加均会导致渗透率增加，当粒度分形接近分形极限时，各级配试验的渗透率均趋于零。建立了破碎岩体侧向约束压缩过程中能量耗散-分形方程，并得到了破碎颗粒能量耗散与空隙变化路径。

应用弹性力学与渗流力学基本原理，阐述了顶板发生“O-X”型破断过程中裂隙演化特征，发现低位岩层破断类型为纵向“O-X”型破断，高位岩层则是横向“O-X”型破断，并给出了发生两种类型破断临界条件。明确了卸压瓦斯升浮通道为“O”型裂隙与“X”型裂隙的交汇处，其储集空间为岩层间离层裂隙，且低位岩层中卸压瓦斯的运移模式以渗流与升浮为主，高位岩层中以扩散为主。揭示了在工作面持续推进情况下，卸压瓦斯运储区应力-裂隙-瓦斯运移的联动演化机理，分析了工作面宽度与推进速度对其演化的影响规律，依据此明晰了卸压瓦斯抽采系统布置原则。

以陕西黄陵二号煤矿有限公司211工作面为工程背景，应用上述理论分析与试验结果，结合FLUENT数值模拟得出了该工作面的最佳抽采位置位于煤层顶板上方23 m，距离回风巷25 m处。根据该工作面瓦斯运储区形态特征，分别设计了高、低速推进区域的常规高位钻孔、定向长钻孔及采空区埋管布置参数。通过现场观测，明确了钻孔抽采全生命周期可分为远距离抽采阶段、有效抽采阶段与近距离抽采阶段，其中高推速阶段各层位钻孔有效抽采长度及抽采浓度均有所降低。实际生产过程中，卸压瓦斯抽采率长期保持在80 %以上，工作面、回风巷、上隅角瓦斯均未发生超限现象，从瓦斯治理角度保障了工作面的安全高效生产，并为此类工作面的卸压瓦斯抽采提供了一定的理论依据与技术支持。

As the main production area of national coal resources and an important energy strategy in western China, in recent years, with the continuous improvement of the level of mining machinery and equipment and the degree of intensification of production, the number of high-intensity mining longwall face characterized by large mining width and high advance speed has increased. Under the condition of high-intensity mining of coal seams, the gushing intensity and gushing volume of pressure-relief gas increase, and it is difficult to identify the pressure-relief gas transportation and storage area of overlying rock in the goaf, and its morphological characteristics are more complex. As a result, the decompression gas extraction efficiency cannot fully meet the needs of safe and efficient extraction. The article expounds the laws and mechanisms of the evolution of mining overburden fracture, pressure-relief gas migration in goaf and its extraction under high-intensity mining conditions, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for pressure relief gas extraction in high-intensity mining face.

Based on the engineering background of typical high-strength mining wells, this paper analyzes the distribution and variation of mining stress, the distribution of overburden fissures, the displacement of rock strata and the characteristics of collapsed rock mass through physical similarity simulation experiments. Based on the fractal theory, the fractal-permeability equation of the mining fracture network is deduced. The permeability variation law of overlying rock was inverted by combining on-site borehole observation and extraction parameters, and the average error between the theoretical model calculated value and the in-field permeability inversion value was 8.11 %. The governing equation for calculating the gas flow state based on the opening of the fissure is constructed, and the quantitative criterion for the pressure-relief gas transportation and storage area is put forward. The fracture network is divided into the predominant area for gas migration in fractured fractures, the micro-permeability area in fractured fracture compaction, the predominant area for gas migration in abscission fractures, the gas micro-permeability area in interlayer fracture compaction, and the gas enrichment area in fractured fractures.

Through FLAC^3D numerical simulation, the distribution characteristics of overlying rock stress, rock stratum displacement and plastic zone under the conditions of different advancing speed and face width are analyzed, and the interaction law of the two factors on the morphological characteristics of the pressure relief gas transportation and storage area is obtained by using the response surface analysis method. In terms of the displacement and stress of the overlying rock, when the advancing speed is accelerated, the stress concentration in the compaction area is significantly reduced, and the scope of the leading area is increased. When the face width increases, the support pressure around the goaf increases, the rock stratum displacement increases exponentially, and the distance to full mining is smaller. The "masonry beam" structure with good rock integrity at the sub-key stratum and the area below are the key areas for decompression gas drainage. When the pushing speed increases, the extension length of the pressure relief gas transportation and storage area increases exponentially, and the inclination width basically remains unchanged. When the face width increases, its strike extension distance decreases, and its inclination width increases. The structural area of the pressure-relief gas transportation and storage area determines the size of the pressure-relief gas storage space in this area, and a relatively suitable gas extraction method can be selected according to the size of the area. the significant influence on the area is: linear effect of thrust, linear effect of surface width, nonlinear effect of thrust, interaction between the two, and nonlinear effect of surface width.

The stress recovery and crushing characteristics of broken rock mass in goaf are clarified. Using the crushed rock mass compaction-seepage test system, the compaction deformation, energy dissipation and seepage characteristics of crushed rock mass under different gradations and loading rates were studied. It is found that the compaction process of broken rock mass can be divided into three stages: initial compaction, elastic compaction and plastic compaction. Either an increase in the loading rate or a decrease in the gradation results in a decrease in the length of the first two stages. In the first stage, the intensity and quantity of acoustic emission signals are both relatively small. In the second stage, the number of acoustic emission signals and the cumulative energy dissipation show a linear growth mode, and the third stage shows a decaying growth mode. Increasing the loading rate will lead to an increase in the accumulative count of acoustic emissions and an increase in the event energy level, while an increase in the gradation results in a decrease in the number of events and an increase in the energy level. Under the test conditions, the permeability of the broken rock mass is 1.6×10^-9~3.5×10^-7 m², and the increase of gradation and loading rate will lead to the increase of permeability tend to zero. The energy dissipation-fractal equation in the process of lateral restraint compression of broken rock mass is established, and the energy dissipation and void change paths of broken particles are obtained.

Using the basic principles of elasticity and seepage mechanics, the evolution characteristics of cracks in the process of "O-X" type fracture of the roof are expounded. It is found that the fracture type of low-level strata is vertical "O-X" type fracture, and the high-level rock layer is horizontal "O-X" type fracture, and the critical conditions for the occurrence of two types of fractures are given. It is clear that the pressure relief gas lift channel is the intersection of the "O" type fracture and the "X" type fracture, and its storage space is the interlayer fracture. The migration mode of pressure-relieving gas in low-level strata is mainly seepage and floating, while in high-level strata, diffusion is the main mode. Revealing the linkage evolution mechanism of stress-fracture-gas migration in the pressure relief gas transport and storage area under the condition of continuous advancement of the working face. The influence of working face width and advancing speed on its evolution is analyzed, and the arrangement principle of pressure relief gas drainage system is clarified according to it.

Taking the 211 longwall face of Shaanxi Huangling No. 2 Coal Mine Co., Ltd. as the engineering background, applying the above theoretical analysis and test results, combined with FLUENT numerical simulation, it is concluded that the optimal extraction position of this working face is 23 m above the coal seam roof, a distance from the returning airway 25 m. According to the morphological characteristics of the gas transportation and storage area of the working face, the conventional high-level drilling, directional long drilling and the goaf buried pipe layout parameters in the high-speed and low-speed propulsion areas are designed respectively. Through on-site observation, it is clarified that the whole life cycle of drilling and extraction can be divided into long-distance extraction stage, effective extraction stage and short-range extraction stage. concentrations were decreased. In the actual production process, the pressure relief gas extraction rate has been maintained at more than 80% for a long time, and the gas in the working face, return air lane and upper corner has not exceeded the limit. From the perspective of gas control, the safe and efficient production of the working face is guaranteed. It provides a certain theoretical basis and technical support for the pressure relief gas extraction of this kind of working face.

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