我国多为松木构件古建筑，经过长期的自然老化作用，木材含水率降低，木质疏松，易被点燃甚至引发火灾。近年来，我国古建筑火灾频发，造成了严重的经济和文化损失，古建筑火灾的有效防控逐渐成为研究的热点。古建筑木构件是古建筑火灾的燃烧主体，其燃烧性能显著影响火灾的发展趋势。然而，目前关于木构件燃烧性能的研究主要集中在现代建筑，有关古建筑木构件材质特性、燃烧性能以及室内火灾蔓延的研究较少。因此，研究老化作用对松木构件古建筑火灾特性的影响，具有重要的现实意义和科研价值。

本文以四种老化松木为研究对象，利用工业分析仪、元素分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光闪射装置、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）以及X射线衍射仪（XRD）等实验手段，系统探究了老化作用对松木材质特性的影响。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深，松木的热传导能力增强，芳香烃、醚和羧基等基团数量和纤维素结晶度减少。自然老化导致松木的含水量降低、细胞结构破坏严重。而人工加速老化使松木的含水量增加，且老化损伤多集中于松木表层。

通过同步热分析仪（STA）研究松木氧化过程中的热行为及热动力学特征。结果表明：随着老化程度加深，松木的干裂温度提高，燃点、碳化温度降低，燃烧时的表观活化能增加，燃烧性能降低。此外，老化木材在燃烧阶段的热动力学机理函数由YM（原木）服从的Valensi方程转变为服从一级化学反应。在碳化燃烧阶段，自然老化松木和YM服从的最概然机理函数与燃烧阶段一致，但人工老化松木的最概然机理函数由一级化学反应转变为服从收缩反应。

通过锥形量热仪（CONE）对四种老化松木的燃烧特征进行测试。得出人工加速老化及自然老化松木易形成碳化层，在燃烧过程中阻滞了温度的传递和气体的交换，延缓了燃烧时的质量损失，降低了燃烧过程中的热释放速率，减少了烟气的释放以及CO₂的释放。此外，人工加速老化由于自身含水量较高，导致其燃烧过程中的CO产量增加，而自然老化松木由于燃烧进程缓慢，使燃烧更为充分，减少了CO产量。

利用FDS软件（Fire Dynamics Simulator）模拟了风速为0 m/s时四种老化松木特征古建筑的室内火灾蔓延特性，得到人工加速老化一百二十循环松木（YE120）的火灾模拟结果与古建筑（CQ）的火灾模拟结果相似。由于老化木材的燃点较低，燃烧时会快速消耗氧气，使古建筑室内轰燃时间提前。最后，建立了老化损伤作用下火蔓延温度场的耦合模型。

China is mostly pine components of ancient buildings, after a long period of natural aging effect, the wood moisture content is reduced, the wood is loose, easy to be ignited or even start a fire. In recent years, fires in ancient buildings have occurred frequently in China, causing serious economic and cultural losses, and the effective prevention and control of fire in ancient buildings have gradually become a research hotspot. Timber components of ancient buildings is the main body of burning ancient buildings fire, its burning properties significantly affect the development trend of the fire. However, the current research on the combustion performance of wood components is mainly focused on modern buildings, and there is less research on the material properties, combustion performance and indoor fire spread of wood components in ancient buildings. Therefore, it is important to research the effect of aging on the fire characteristics of pine components of ancient buildings, which has important practical significance and scientific research value.

Taking four kinds of aged pine as the research object, this paper systematically explores the influence of aging on the material characteristics of pine by means of industrial analyzer, element analyzer, scanning electron microscope, laser flash device, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the thermal conductivity of pine wood increased with deepening aging, and the number of groups such as aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers and carboxyl groups and cellulose crystallinity decreased. Natural aging causes a reduction in the moisture content and severe damage to the intracellular structure of pine wood. The artificial accelerated aging makes the pine wood moisture content increase, and aging damage is mostly concentrated in the surface layer of pine wood.

Research on the thermal behavior and thermodynamic characteristics of pine wood during oxidation by the simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The results show that with the deepening of aging, the dry cracking temperature of pine wood will increase, the ignition point and carbonization temperature will be reduced, the apparent activation energy will increase during combustion, and the combustion performance will be reduced. In addition, the thermodynamic mechanism function of aged wood in the  combustion stage was changed from YM (logs) obeying the Valensi equation to obeying a first-order chemical reaction model.     In the carbonized combustion stage, naturally aged pine and YM obeyed the same most probable mechanism function as in the combustion stage, but the most probable mechanism function of artificially aged pine shifted from the first-order chemical reaction model to obey the shrinkage reaction model.

The combustion characteristics of four kinds of pine wood were tested by cone calorimetry (CONE). It is concluded that artificially accelerated and naturally aged pine tends to form a carbonized layer, which blocks the temperature transfer and gas exchange during combustion, retards the mass loss during combustion, reduces the rate of heat release during combustion, and reduces the release of smoke as well as the release of CO₂. In addition, artificially accelerated aging results in increased CO production during its combustion due to its own high water content, while naturally aged pine reduces CO production due to the slow combustion process, which results in more complete combustion.

Using FDS software (Fire Dynamics Simulator) to simulate the indoor fire spread characteristics of four kinds of aging pine characteristics of ancient buildings when the wind speed is 0 m/s, It is concluded that the fire simulation results of artificial accelerated aging of one hundred and twenty cycles of pine (YE120) can be an approximate substitute for the fire simulation results of ancient buildings (CQ). Due to the lower ignition point of aging timber, burning will quickly consume oxygen, so the ancient building interior boom combustion time in advance. Finally, the coupled model of the temperature field of underfire propagation under the effect of aging damage is established.

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