螺旋天线由于具有质量轻、抗多径效应能力强以及设计加工方便等优点，在卫星及
导航应用中具有重要的意义，在 5G 技术大规模商用形势下，覆盖特定工作频段的高性
能螺旋天线具有重要的实用价值。天线设计过程中，特征模理论是一种解决复杂电磁辐
射问题的有力工具，在各类高性能天线设计应用方面展现出了独特优势。本文利用特征
模理论对天线结构进行分析，设计了三款新型的小型化高增益终端螺旋天线。
通过研究阿基米德螺旋天线模式显著性与特征电流，在天线辐射臂加载正弦结构对
天线进行辐射特性的优化，设计了工作在 FR1 频段（3.21~6.68GHz）的宽带圆极化天
线，与未加载正弦结构相比，天线辐射面积减少 38%，采用弯折渐变巴伦馈电，使天线
高度降低了 22%。仿真与测试结果表明，在工作频带内增益达到 6.96dBi，天线整体设
计易于加工，且整体辐射性能良好。
通过研究方环贴片结构模式显著性与特征电流，设计了一种方形螺旋贴片结构的宽
带圆极化天线，利用方形螺旋结构，拓展阻抗带宽，改变天线的电流流动方向，实现了
圆极化；通过偶极子耦合激发新谐振点，不仅能够提高方向性能而且可以扩展天线的阻
抗带宽。仿真结果表明，该天线的阻抗带宽为 4.5~6.1GHz，圆极化带宽为
4.85~6.21GHz，峰值增益达到 7.92dBi，具有宽带圆极化性能。
研究了立体螺旋天线的模态电流和天线辐射模式，设计了双贴片四臂螺旋结构天
线，在圆柱陶瓷介质上绕制贴片，加载枝节激发天线不同模式的谐振；通过设计馈电网
络，在保持天线圆极化的基础上提升天线增益。仿真结果表明天线工作在
2.35~3.05GHz 和4.08~4.51GHz，峰值增益达到7.21dBi。
设计的三款天线分别通过优化天线的辐射阵元、加载偶极子、设计功分馈电网络的
方式来提升了天线的辐射性能，为高性能螺旋天线设计提供了方法和思路。

Spiral antennas have important significance in satellite and navigation applications due to
their advantages of lightweight, strong anti-multipath capability, and easy design and
processing. With the large-scale commercial use of 5G technology, high-performance spiral
antennas covering specific working frequency bands have important practical value.
Characteristic mode theory is a powerful tool for solving complex electromagnetic radiation
problems, and has demonstrated unique advantages in various high-performance antenna
design applications. By using characteristic mode theory to analyze antenna structures, three
new types of miniaturized high-gain terminal spiral antennas have been designed.
(1) By studying the significance of the Archimedean spiral antenna pattern and
characteristic currents, and optimizing the radiation characteristics of the antenna by loading a
sinusoidal structure on the radiation arm, a broadband circularly polarized antenna operating in
the FR1 frequency band (3.21~6.68GHz) has been designed. Compared with the unloaded
sinusoidal structure, the antenna radiation area has been reduced by 38%, and a new type of
bending gradient feed balun has been used, which has reduced the height of the antenna feed
structure by 22%. Simulation and testing results show that the antenna gain reaches 6.96dBi
within the operating frequency band, the overall antenna design is easy to process, and the
overall radiation performance is good.
(2) By studying the significance of the square ring patch structure pattern and
characteristic currents, a broadband circularly polarized antenna with a square spiral patch
structure has been designed. By using the square spiral structure, the impedance bandwidth has
been expanded and the current flow direction of the antenna has been changed to achieve
circular polarization. By exciting new resonant points through dipole coupling, not only can the
directional performance of the antenna be improved, but the impedance bandwidth of the
antenna can also be expanded. Simulation results show that the impedance bandwidth of the
antenna is 4.5~6.1GHz, and the circular polarization band covers 4.85~6.21GHz, with a peak
gain of 7.92dBi, demonstrating broadband circular polarization performance.

Subject : Research and design of circularly polarized broadband
spiral antenna based on eigenmode theory
Specialty : Electronic Information
Name : Zhirui Li (Signature)
Instructor : Shuqi Wang (Signature)

(3) The modal current and radiation pattern of a three-dimensional spiral antenna were
studied, and a dual-patch four-arm spiral antenna structure was designed. The patches were
wound around a cylindrical ceramic substrate, and the branch joints were loaded to excite
different modes of resonance in the antenna. By designing the feed network, the antenna gain
was improved while maintaining circular polarization. Simulation results show that the antenna
operates in the frequency bands of 2.35~3.05GHz and 4.08~4.51GHz, with a peak gain of
7.21dBi.
The three designed antennas improved their radiation performance by optimizing the
radiation elements, designing power divider feed networks, and loading dipole structures.
These methods and ideas provide a way for the design of high-performance spiral antennas.

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