在现今的破岩工作中，大多采用微波辅助机械破岩的方法，首先对岩石进行微波照射以降低强度，进而采用机械破碎。为更大程度的降低岩样强度，提高破岩的工作效率，需对微波照射参数、冷却方式、照射及冷却后岩石内部变化及矿物成分等因素进行研究。 本文将采用试验研究的方法，以陕西秦岭和河北平山县花岗岩为主要研究对象，对在微波照射条件下，影响花岗岩损伤的上述因素进行研究，主要研究内容及结论如下： （1）从理论方面阐述了微波的加热原理及岩石的损伤劣化机制，得出微波照射对岩石造成损伤的主要原因,即岩石内部不同矿物具有不同微波吸收率和热膨胀系数。在微波照射作用下，岩石中的吸波矿物迅速升温形成“热点”，与周围矿物形成温度差，进而产生热应力，当热应力大于岩石抗拉强度即造成岩石损伤。 （2）首先采用三组不同的微波照射参数对花岗岩进行照射，随后进行四种不同冷却方式的冷却试验，最后对岩样进行抗压强度试验，得到如下结论：在某一功率及时间，试样内很多矿物发生熔融和相变，如锡石和石英，矿物的熔融导致岩样内部体积迅速增大，并伴随熔融物质的溢出，经对比和推断，黑色物质为锡石；四种冷却方式能够不同程度降低岩石试件强度，降低程度从大到小依次为水流冲击冷却、浸泡冷却、喷水冷却、自然冷却。 （3）采用FLIR T420热成像仪对照射及冷却后的岩样进行温度检测，分别进行点、线、面三方面的温度测量，得到如下结论；仅对于本次所有岩样，内部含有锡石矿物的，岩样温度能快速升高且能升高达到的温度远高于其它，宏观表现为岩样表面出现裂纹，条数并增多。

In modern broken rock work, mostly the engineering adopt the method of microwave assisted mechanical rock, firstly reducing the intensity of rock through microwave radiation then using mechanical crushing. To reduce the rock strength in a greater degree, improving the work efficiency of the rock ,we should study the components of rock , basic structure and internal changes after microwave irradiation. This article will adopt the method of experimental study, rock mineral components are regarded as the main researching object, the sensitivity of mineral components to the damage of granite under microwave irradiation were studied, the main researching contents and conclusions are as follows: (1)Stating the damage mechanism of rock under the principle of microwave heating and microwave irradiation from the theoretical aspect , also the major factors on rock damage has been obtained under the microwave irradiation ,the different rock minerals have different expansion coefficients of microwave absorption and heat . Absorbing minerals formed rapidly warming "hot spots" through microwave irradiation, and the surrounding mineral formation temperature difference and thermal stress, the rock will have damage when the thermal stress is higher than the tensile strength of rock . (2)Firstly illuminating the granite with three groups of different parameters on microwave irradiation, then cooling experiment was carried out with four different cooling ways , finally doing compressive strength test of rock sample, the conclusions are as following : in a certain power and time, melting and phase transformation of many minerals in occur in the rock sample , such as tin and quartz stone, the internal volume of the rock sample expands rapidly, and along with molten material overflow. through contrast and inference, the black material is tin; Four cooling ways reduce the intensity of rock specimen in different degree ,the level of degree from big to small is soaking water cooling, cooling and water cooling, natural cooling. (3)Detecting temperature for rock sample after irradiation and cooling Using FLIR T420 , measuring temperature of three aspects for point、line and surface, getting the following conclusions: Only for the all rock samples does contain black substance, the sample temperature can rise quickly and reach higher temperature higher than other, macro performance for cracks on the surface of the sample, the number is increasing.