煤炭一直是我国能源的支柱，煤炭生产事故时有发生，时刻威胁着矿工的生命。安全标志的有效应用对减少事故和预防人的不安全行为有重要作用，然而安全标志的设计和应用还存在诸多不足。针对安全标志在煤矿企业中的应用现状，本文在文献分析和问卷调研的基础上，通过眼动实验对煤矿安全标志的有效性进行了研究。 首先，运用文献综述法和现场调研法，结合人因工程的思想，划分矿工认知煤矿安全标志的6个阶段。选取4个代表性煤矿，进行问卷调研，收集258份问卷数据，并用SPSS21.0软件分析数据；结合文献调研，总结、归纳出影响煤矿安全标志有效性的27个因素，构建指标体系。利用因子分析法确定各因素的权重值后，对各因素重要度排序。结果表明：安全标志的设置位置、辅助文字和矿工的心理惯性是影响煤矿安全标志有效性较强的三个因素。 其次，为了验证上述三个因素对煤矿安全标志有效性的影响，以Tobii眼动实验为核心，选取副井口、主井驱动机房、井下皮带运输和辅运巷道4个煤矿生产作业场景图，4类煤矿安全标志图和4道判断选择题，进行安全标志的显著性实验、可理解性实验和安全倾向性实验。将安全标志的图形和文字划为研究区域，研究被试者的注视点到达研究区域的时间、持续时间和个数等实验数据，分别对实验结果进行可视化分析。实验表明：安全标志被设置在右上和右侧，易被人注意，其显著性增强；添加辅助文字的安全标志有利于人更好的理解其含义；心理惯性易使人忽视安全标志深意，误导矿工行为。 最后，在理论分析和实验研究的基础上，从加强安全标志日常管理和职工安全管理两个层面提出有效的对策建议，以期实现安全标志在煤矿企业的有效应用，减少或杜绝矿工的不安全行为。

Coal mine is always energy support of China,but accidents multiple occur in coal production that often threat miners’ lives.Effective use of safety signs have importance on reducing accidents and preventing persons’ unsafe behavior.However,there are still many problems in design and application of safety signs.Aiming at the application effects of safety signs in coal mine enterprise,article is based on document analysis and questionnaire inquiring,using eye movement test to study on effectiveness of mine safety signs Firstly,using literature reviews and site surveys,and human factor engineering thought,combined with 6 stages of the miners’ cognitive safety signs.258questionnaire of miners come from representative 4 coal mines,dates analyze made use of SPSS21.0 and literature surveys.The effective factors of the 27 coal mine safety signs were summarized,and constructing target system.Determine the factors’ index weighting using factor analysis method,each factor index for Sequence in importance.The results show:the setting position, auxiliary text of safety signs and psychological inertia of miners are three bigger factor indexes to affect the effectiveness of mine safety signs. Secondly,In order to verify the impact of these three factors indicators for mine safety signs effectiveness.Tobii eye test as the core,selecting 4 coal production operations scene graphs such as Vice wellhead,Main Shaft drive room,Underground belt transport and Underground tunnel,4 types of mine safety signs Figs and 4 analyzing choices,to conduct experiment for significance,comprehensibility and security tendentious of safety signs.Drawing graphics and text of the safety signs for the study area,to study subjects fixations’ time from the study area,continued time and the number of fixation points,the experimental results were visualized analysis.Experimental results show:safety signs are set in the upper right and right,easily noticed,enhance its significance;Add a secondary text safety signs in favor of people a better understanding of its meaning;Psychological inertia make people ignore the profound meaning of safety signs;misleading miners behavior. Finally,on the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental research,strengthening the daily management of safety signs and staff security as effective countermeasures are proposed,in order to achieve effective use of safety signs in the coal mining enterprises and eliminate unsafe behavior miners.