三维相似模拟试验是研究采场矿压显现及覆岩移动变形特征的重要方法之一，然而三维相似模型厚度大，模型内部岩层的移动变形特征无法用肉眼看见，无法知道采场覆岩移动变形的规律，因此必须借助其他方法对模型内部岩层的移动变形进行监测。 本文介绍了脉冲预泵浦布里渊光时域分析技术(Pulse-PrePump Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis，PPP-BOTDA)的传感原理，分析了光纤布里渊频移与温度和应变的关系，给出了分布式光纤监测覆岩变形的可行性；同时分析了垂直光纤的布里渊频移曲线变化特征与覆岩移动变形特征的关系，提出了基于垂直的分布式光纤的判别三维相似试验中模拟工作面的来压情况的方法；分析了垂直光纤的布里渊频移曲线的特征，提出了垂直光纤确定三维模拟内部的覆岩破坏变形高度和垮落带高度的方法。为了验证上述方法的正确性，通过以在实验室模拟出现场工作面开采过程中上覆岩层移动变形特征为目标，设计三维相似材料模拟试验，构建了PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤传感监测系统，同时为了验证分布式光纤的监测结果的准确性，自行设计一套三维模型内部位移测量装置，并将这两套监测系统运用到模拟工作面上覆岩层中对应覆岩移动变形进行监测。 三维相似模拟试验结果表明，基于PPP-BOTDA的分布式光纤传感技术实现了对三维模型模拟工作面的来压位置确定，同时确定了三维模型内部破坏变形高度和垮落带高度，该技术为了人类研究提供了一双能观测三维模型内部的变形的“眼睛”，同时为了能使得上述信息能快速获取，自行开发了分布式光纤数据处理分析系统，该系统的研发使得试验数据处理能够快速显示，及时掌握了覆岩内部变形情况，改变了以往“先试验-后处理”的试验模式，实现试验和数据处理同步进行处理，该系统的开发为这双“眼睛”提高了观测效率，为这项技术现场应用提供指导意义。

Three dimensional similarity simulation test is one of the most important methods to study the strata behavior and the deformation characteristics of overburden strata, However, the three dimensional similarity model of large thickness, internal rock deformation characteristics of mobile model cannot be seen by the naked eye, can not know the strata behaviors and overburden deformation, and therefore must rely on other methods for monitoring movement on the internal rock deformation model. In this paper, the sensing principle of pulse-prepump brillouin optical time domain analysis technique is introduced. The relationship between Brillouin frequency shift and temperature and strain is analyzed; At the same time, analysis of the Brillouin frequency shift curves of vertical fiber characteristics and overburden deformation characteristics, puts forward the vertical distributed optical fiber identification simulation method of three dimensional similar pressure test based on; Also, based on the analysis of the characteristics of the Brillouin frequency shift curve of vertical optical fiber, a method for determining the deformation height of the overburden rock and the height of the caving zone is presented. In order to verify the correctness of the method, through to simulate in the laboratory working face in the process of mining rock deformation characteristics as the goal, the design of three-dimensional similar material simulation experiment, the analysis of construction technology of distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring system of pre pump pulse Brillouin optical time domain, at the same time in order to verify the accuracy of the monitoring results of the distributed optical fiber, self design a three-dimensional model of internal displacement measuring device, and two sets of this monitoring system and applied to the simulation of overlying strata in the corresponding overburden deformation monitoring. Three dimensional simulation test results show that the distributed optical fiber sensing technology pre pump pulse Brillouin optical time-domain analysis for the three-dimensional model simulation of working face pressure is determined based on the position, while determining the height of three-dimensional model of internal deformation and collapse height, This technology provides a pair of “eyes” that can be used to observe the deformation of the three-dimensional model. At the same time, in order to make the information fast acquisition, developed the analysis system of distributed optical fiber data processing, the development of this system makes the test data processing can quickly display, grasp the internal deformation of overlying rock, changed the "first test - postprocessing" test mode, the test and data processing of synchronous processing. Besides, the development of this system can improve the efficiency of the observation and provide guidance for the application of this technology in the field.