摘 要 文物古迹记录了历史，反映了历史的面貌，随着历史的变迁、自然力和人为因素的破坏，文物面临着前所未有的危险，文物被损毁或被盗的案件时有发生，给国家造成了巨大的损失。现阶段，文物保存环境的监测手段还是通过半人工测量监测的方法来实现，要做到“提前预防，由被动变为主动”的监测保护是很难实现的。现有的安全防范手段，诸如视频监控、红外监控等技术对于地下挖掘或者夜间爆破等盗掘活动不能起到有效的监控作用。在这种情况下，研制出一种实时有效的田野文物监控系统，就成为当下必须解决的问题。 本文依据田野文物监控的现状，对几种常见的监控技术（如视频监控、红外监控等）进行了比较。在分析古墓、石刻等田野文物被盗时人为活动特点的基础上提出了基于微震动传感技术的田野文物信息采集系统，实现对田野文物微震动信息的实时监测。该系统由检波监测网、微处理器控制模块和中继模块协调器三部分组成。微震动检波监测网采集微震动信号，经微处理器控制模块对采集信号进行信号调理、数据转换、数据存储，通过ZigBee射频天线无线发送给中继模块协调器；中继模块协调器进行数据汇聚、数据存储后将采集数据转发给远程控制中心，远程控制中心专家系统对其进行最终分析和处理。 本文对采集系统进行了方案设计与论证，并重点介绍了田野文物信息采集系统的组成原理、硬件设计及软件实现。主要包括采集节点软硬件设计、采集节点与中继模块协调器星型组网设计及Zigbee无线数传软件设计，主要涉及微震动检测技术、ZigBee短距离无线通信、ZigBee组网、串口通信等关键技术。采集系统硬件设计基于CC2430微处理器开发平台，软件设计基于IAR Embedded Workbench开发环境,运用C语言进行软件编程，运用SmartRF04 Flash Programmer实现应用程序的下载。论文最后对系统软、硬件及采集数据信息进行了测试，结果表明预期方案可行。 该系统具备实时性、智能性、低功耗、低成本等特点，对田野文物保护工作起到了重要的作用。

ABSTRACT Cultural relics and historic sites recorded history and reflected the appearance of history. However, as time goes by, these artifacts which could be destroried by the factors of nature and the man-made confronted with unprecedented risk. A large number of precious relics were destroyed or stolen frequently, caused heavy losses to public. In recent years, the monitoring method of saving relics is still achieved through half-artificial way, so how to prevent earlier and change passive to active are pretty difficult. The existing techniques of safeguarding, such as video monitoring, infrared monitoring and so on,are ineffective in the underground digging and exploring for robbing the tumulus in night.In this case, developed a real-time and effective field monitoring system of cultural relics becomes an important problem must be solved. According to the present situation of heritagethe monitoring field, several common monitoring technology were compared (video monitoring, infrared monitoring and so on). Through the analysis of the characteristics of human activities when the ancient stone carvings or cultural relics were stolen, put forward one system based on the micro-seismic monitor technology, which is used to achieve the real-time micro-vibration of monitoring information. The system is composed of three parts: the network of monitoring, microprocessor control module and relay module coordinator. The network of monitoring collected micro vibration signal. The microprocessor control module disposed signal, converse data, store data and transmit data for the relay coordinator module. The microprocessor control module disposed signal, converted data, stored data and transmited data to the relay module coordinator. Though the ZigBee RF antenna wireless send to relay Coordinator module which gather data, store data and send data to remoter control center. In the end, micro-datas were analysed and processd by the computer system of the remote control center. In this paper, the acquisition system was designed and demonstrated. Principle, hardware composition and software realization of the field tumulus information collection system was described. It mainly included the software and hardware of the collection node design,the softerware of setting up the star network and transfering data between collection nodes and the relay module coordinator. It mainly involved micro-vibration detection technology, ZigBee short distance wireless communication, serial communication, and other key technology. The hardware design of data acquisition system was based on CC2430 microprocessor development platform. The software design was based on the IAR Embedded Workbench development environment and programmed by C language. The download of application programme was realized by SmartRF04 Flash Programmer. At last，the system software, hardware and data information were tested. The results showed that expected scheme is feasible. This system has the characteristics of real-time, intelligence, low power consumption, low cost and so on.It playes an important role in the field heritage conservation work.