硅橡胶泡沫（SiFs）含有大量的C和H元素，遇明火会持续燃烧，产生的高温浓烟不仅损害人体健康且不利于救援工作的快速高效展开，为此提升其阻燃性能迫在眉睫。磷系阻燃剂聚磷酸铵（APP）在SiFs中阻燃效果明显，但其添加量相对较大影响原样SiFs的物理性能。因此，协同阻燃刻不容缓。近年来，沸石咪唑酯骨架材料（ZIFs）凭借比表面积大和孔隙率高等特点作为各种聚合物的高效阻燃添加剂。为此，本文使用熔融共混的方式成功制备SiFs复合材料，利用ZIFs和APP的协同阻燃作用，在降低APP添加量的同时还能提升复合材料阻燃性能。本论文主要研究成果如下：

通过溶剂热合成法制备了两种新型阻燃剂ZIFs，分别为ZIF-67和ZIF-8；将制备出的ZIF-67、ZIF-8、APP和ZIF-8/APP按一定比例进行添加到SiFs中，制备SiFs复合材料。

利用一系列的表征测试从形貌结构、晶型结构、元素组成和化学结构四个方面表明成功地制备了高纯度的ZIFs。紧接着，研究了ZIFs作为高效阻燃添加剂对SiFs阻燃性能的影响，并在二者中优选其一作为协效剂。实验表明ZIF-8对SiFs的阻燃效果优于ZIF-67，当ZIF-8添加量达到2%时，ZIF-8/SiFs复合材料的极限氧指数值得到明显的提升，热释放速率峰值（PHRR）和CO₂释放量显著降低，同时抗拉强度和压缩强度较原样相比也得到了提升。

（3）将优选出的ZIF-8和APP按照不同比例复配，对比分析研究ZIF-8/APP/SiFs复合材料的燃烧行为。实验表明，当APP与ZIF-8的复配比例达到4:1时，其综合性能最优，不仅PHRR最低，比原样降低63.12%，而且到达烟释放速率峰值（PSPR）的时间延迟，较5% APP/SiFs复合材料相比，其PSPR下降18.87%。因此，在不改变材料原有性能的基础上，4% APP/1% ZIF-8/SiFs复合材料实现了阻燃抑烟力学性能最佳，充分发挥了APP与ZIF-8的协同作用。

（4）为了探究ZIF-8/APP对硅橡胶泡沫的阻燃机理，通过SEM、TG-DTG和TG-FTIR对比分析了燃烧前后的SiFs复合材料的微观形貌、结构组成、热稳定性和热解气体变化。从气相和凝聚相揭示其阻燃机理：APP和ZIF-8在SiFs复合材料燃烧的同时发生分解，生成了H₂O、NH₃、N₂和CO₂等不可燃气体，且ZIF-8热分解产生的ZnO与APP分解产生的磷酸酯类物质催化形成了连续致密的含磷/锌炭层，起到协同阻燃的效果。

The silicone rubber foam (SiFs) contains a large number of C and H elements, which continue to burn in the open fire, the high temperature and smoke generated not only harm human health and is not conducive to the rapid and efficient development of rescue work, so it is urgent to improve its flame retardant performance. Among them, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has obvious flame retardant effect in SiFs, but its excessive addition seriously affects the physical properties of the original sample. Therefore, collaborative flame retardant is urgent. In recent years, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have been used as highly effective flame retardant additives for various polymer composites due to their large surface area and high porosity. To this end, SiFs composite material was successfully prepared by melt blending in this paper. The synergistic flame retardant effect of ZIFs and APP was utilized to reduce the amount of APP and improve its flame retardant property. The main research results of this paper are as follows: 

Two novel flame retardant ZIFs, ZIF-67 and ZIF-8, were prepared by solvothermal synthesis. The prepared ZIF-67, ZIF-8, APP and ZIF-8/APP were added to SiFs in a certain proportion to prepare composites.

A series of characterization tests showed that ZIFs with high purity were successfully prepared from four aspects: morphology, crystal structure, element composition and chemical structure. Then, the effect of ZIFs as high-efficiency flame retardant additives on the flame retardant properties of SiFs was studied, and one of the two was preferred as a synergist. The experimental results show that the flame retardant effect of ZIF-8 on SiFs was better than that of ZIF-67. When the dosage of ZIF-8 reaches 2%, the limiting oxygen index value of ZIF-8/SiFs composite was significantly increased, and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and CO₂ release amount were significantly decreased. At the same time, tensile strength and compressive strength were improved compared to the original. 

The optimized ZIF-8 and APP were mixed in different proportions, and the combustion behavior of the composites containing ZIF-8/APP/SiFs was analyzed and compared. Experiments show that when the compound ratio of APP and ZIF-8 reaches 4:1, its comprehensive performance was the best, not only PHRR was the lowest, which was 63.12% lower than the original, but also the time delay to reach the peak smoke release rate (PSPR) was 18.87% lower than that of 5% APP/SiFs composite. Therefore, on the basis of not changing the original properties of the material, 4% APP/1% ZIF-8/SiFs composite achieves the best mechanical properties of flame retardant and smoke suppression, giving full play to the synergistic effect of APP and ZIF-8. 

In order to explore the flame retardant mechanism of ZIF-8/APP on silicone rubber foam, the microscopic morphology, structural composition, thermal stability and pyrolysis gas changes of SiFs composite before and after combustion were analyzed by SEM, TG-DTG and TG-FTIR. The flame retardant mechanism was revealed from the gas phase and condensed phase: APP and ZIF-8 decompose during the combustion of SiFs composite material, and generate non-combustible gases such as H₂O, NH₃, N₂ and CO₂. Moreover, ZnO produced by thermal decomposition of ZIF-8 and phosphate esters produced by decomposition of ammonium polyphosphate catalyze the formation of continuous dense phosphorus/zinc carbon layer, which plays a synergistic flame retardant effect. 

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