随着陕北侏罗纪浅埋煤层开采规模不断扩大，许多矿井开采的浅部煤炭资源逐渐枯竭，煤层开采已经转入浅部煤层的下层煤开采。由于开采距离较近，上部煤层采空区遗留煤柱对下部回采工作面产生极大的影响，常引发下部煤层回采工作面出煤柱的过程的动压灾害，造成压架事故。 本论文针对近距离浅埋煤层长壁工作面通过房柱采空区宽煤柱过程中的动压现象和压架事故的特殊性，结合陕北集团韩家湾煤矿下部煤层赋存状况，采用物理相似模拟实验、计算机数值模拟和理论分析等综合手段，从应力场的变化和岩层运移的角度分析回采工作面出房柱区动压机理分析可能引发动压事故的原因。揭示了下部煤层回采工作面过煤柱的动压现象的机理。下部回采工作面出房柱区的过程中，工作面超前支撑压力的动载作用与煤柱作用下的静载作用叠加，并始终作用在工作面的前方。回采过程中引起房柱区底板下沉，房柱区遗留煤柱上部关键岩块回转失稳，失稳的关键岩块和煤柱上部层岩在Z方向的运动不再一致，上部覆岩运动速度较快，其动能通过煤柱作用于下部岩层，煤柱上部关键岩块的动能通过煤柱传递至下部覆岩内，这三者叠加作用在回采工作面的前部，形成能量集聚区。煤柱底板岩层在其上的高集中应力作用下岩层承载能力降低。同时，由于工作面推进过程中提供的空间及其的扰动影响，使得集聚的能量突然释放至工作面，使得工作面发生剧烈的动压现象。 动压的发生具有突然性，剧烈性，对工作面的安全与支护具有极大的危害性。下部回采工作面通过其上部房柱区时，必须预先处理其内遗留的煤柱。通过计算机模拟实验分析煤柱宽度是影响其下动压的关键因素，因此提出通过超前预裂房柱区内未失稳的煤柱的手段控制下部回采动压的技术措施。

With the Jurassic shallow seam mining in northern Shaanxi expanding, the shallow coal resource is gradually depleted and the coal seam mining has been transferred to the lower coal seam in the shallow coal seam. Since the short mining distance, the upper left coal seam coal pillar mining face produces a great impact on the lower portion of the lower coal seam mining of coal pillar working face.During the process of the lower coal seam mining the coal pillar ,it often occurs dynamic pressure disasters, resulting in crushing accident. In this thesis, a close shallow coal seam longwall goaf by room and pillar coal pillar width in the process of dynamic pressure phenomena and particularity pressure frame of the accident, combined with the lower part of northern Shaanxi Coal Group Hanjiawan coal seam conditions, the use of Physical synthesis means similar simulation experiments, computer simulation and theoretical analysis, from the rock stress field changes and the perspective of migration out of the room and pillar mining face area hydrodynamic mechanism analyze the causes of accidents may lead to dynamic pressure. It reveals the dynamic pressure phenomena mechanism Lower Coal mining face crossing coal pillar. The lower part of the procedure room and pillar mining face in the region, under static loads Face Abutment pressure dynamic loads and pillar overprinted, and always in front of the face. Room and pillar mining area caused during the sinking floor, room and pillar region rock legacy coal columns at key swing instability, instability of key rock and coal pillar portion layer rock movement in the Z direction is no longer consistent with the upper part of overburden strata movement faster, its kinetic energy to the lower strata, coal pillar portion of the kinetic energy transmitted through the key rock pillar by pillar action to lower inner cover rock, these three superimposed in front of the working face, the formation energy parks. Pillar floor strata in high concentrated stress on rock bearing capacity is reduced. At the same time, due to the disturbance and the space provided during the face advance, so gather the sudden release of energy to the face, making Face dramatic dynamic pressure phenomena. Dynamic pressure occurs with a sudden, violent sex, and support for security protection face great dangers. The lower portion of mining face through its upper room and pillar area, must be pre-processed within legacy pillar. The key factor analysis by computer simulation of coal pillar width is under influence of dynamic pressure, and therefore the lower portion of mining technical measures put forward by means of the dynamic pressure ahead of the pre-split room and pillar area not controlled instability of coal pillar.