采场顶板控制是煤矿安全生产管理的重点。经过多年的实践与研究，采场上覆岩层的结构特点与运动规律逐步被揭示，形成了采场围岩控制理论，以及后来的关键层理论。随着大采高开采技术的日趋成熟，我国学者对大采高采场的矿压显现规律及覆岩移动规律进行了深入的研究。然而，对关键层载荷变化规律及双关键层复合作用下对采场矿压显现的影响研究甚少。因此，研究和掌握大采高工作面双关键层条件下矿压显现规律及关键层载荷变化规律对煤矿的安全开采具有重要指导意义。 本文以杭来湾煤矿30101工作面为工程背景，采用理论分析、相似材料模拟和现场观测相结合的方法对大采高工作面矿压显现规律和覆岩移动变形规律进行了研究。基于关键层理论、弹性力学对该工作面矿压显现规律及工作面来压机理进行了分析；利用相似材料模型实验对覆岩移动变形规律、支承压力分布特征进行了模拟研究，在相似模型实验中构建了用于检测上覆岩层移动变形的光纤光栅传感系统，并应用该系统对上覆岩层移动变形进行了检测分析，研究关键层载荷变化规律；通过对30101工作面地质特征和现场矿压观测数据进行了分析，得出了该工作面矿压显现规律。 研究表明，杭来湾煤矿30101工作面矿压显现剧烈，来压期间支架工作阻力较大；基本顶初次来压步距为50m，周期来压步距14~20m，周期来压步距和强度呈现大小周期相间的特征。通过岩层控制关键层理论对杭来湾煤矿30101综采工作面来压机理进行了分析，分析结果与现场观测和模型实验结果相吻合。在相似模型实验中光纤Bragg光栅传感器对上覆岩层的移动变形具有较好的检测效果，并得到了关键层载荷随工作面推进符合负指数余弦函数变化规律。

Mine roof management is the key point for coal safety production. Based on years of practice and study, the structure and deformation of overlying strata has been discovered, and formed mine surrounding rock control theory, as well as the key strata theory. With the development of great height mining, the researchers conducted deep research about the rock pressure behavior and strata layer deformation. However, lack of study about the key strata layer load change and the rock pressure behavior under the compound effect of the double key strata layers was found. Thus, the study of the rock pressure behavior of double key strata layers and key strata load behavior of the great height mining would play an important role in coal safety production. Taking 30101 near shallow seam longwall face of Hanglaiwan coal mine as example, this paper conducted research on the great height mining working face and strata layer deformation by utilizing theoretical analysis, equivalent material simulating and field observation methods. Key strata theory and mechanics of elasticity are used to analyze the rock pressure behavior on working face and ground pressure mechanism. The deformation of overlying strata and the abutment pressure distribution behaviors are simulated by using equivalent material. The Fiber Bragg Grating sensing system for monitoring the deformation of the overlying strata was established in the similar material model test, and the system is applied to monitor and analyze the deformation of the overlying strata. The pressure mechanism can be obtained by analyzing the working face rock pressure behavior and weighting mechanism based on key strata theory in ground control. The rock pressure behavior can be obtained by analyzing the geological characteristics and field collected data of 30101 working face. The study indicated that the underground pressure of the 30101 face in Hanglaiwan coal mine was intense, and the weighting strength was relatively large. The first weighting step distance of the basic roof is 50m, and the average periodic weighting step distance was 14~20m. The periodic weighting step distance and its strength are with the character of large and small circle change. By applying key strata theory in ground control, the rock pressure behavior of 30101 fully mechanized face in Hanglaiwan Coal Mine can be analyzed. The analysis results fit well with the results from field observation and model experiment. The process of deformation of overlying strata is simulated. In the similar material simulation test, FBG had a good performance on detecting the deformation of the overlying strata, and obtained the result that the key strata load in accord with negative exponential cosine function with the working face advance.