金矿开采是我国金属矿山资源开发中的重要组成部分，但由于其存在风险高、作业环境复杂、从业者整体安全素质偏低等因素，金矿企业生产安全事故时有发生，而大部分生产安全事故是工人不安全行为造成的。通过对基础理论分析可知，安全氛围是影响不安全行为的因素之一。鉴于此，本研究以某金矿为背景，分析了安全氛围对工人不安全行为的影响，为金矿企业提升安全氛围提供理论和实践参考。

首先，通过工人不安全行为的基础理论分析和金属矿山事故案例分析，对金属矿山工人不安全行为影响因素进行分类。金属矿山工人不安全行为影响因素包括个体因素和组织因素，即个体因素包括安全态度和安全能力，组织管理因素包括教育培训、沟通不畅、工作环境、风险感知、工人行为、管理者重视和安全制度。

其次，基于工人不安全行为影响因素分类和安全氛围、不安全行为基础理论分析，划分出安全氛围和工人不安全行为的研究维度。根据4个安全氛围维度（管理者重视、安全交流与培训、工作环境和风险感知）、2个不安全行为维度（无意不安全行为和有意不安全行为）和1个中介变量（安全态度），提出了14个安全氛围与不安全行为假设关系，据此构建了某金矿安全氛围与工人不安全行为结构方程概念模型。

最后，通过结构方程模型检验分析表明，管理者重视和安全态度直接负向影响工人不安全行为，安全交流与培训、风险感知和工作环境直接或通过安全态度间接负向影响工人不安全行为，其中对工人不安全行为的影响由大到小排列为：安全态度（0.659）、工作环境（0.649）、安全交流与培训（0.574）、风险感知（0.427）、管理者重视（0.109）。据此，提出了某金矿安全氛围提升对策，应用于某金矿后较好的提升了安全氛围，对金矿企业提升安全氛围提供理论指导。

Gold mining is an important part of metal mine resources development in China. However, due to its high risk, complex working environments, low overall safety quality of practitioners and other factors, production safety accidents which caused by workers’ unsafe behavior mostely often occur in gold mining enterprises.. Through the analysis of the basic theories, we know that the safety atmosphere is one of the factors affecting the unsafe behaviors. In view of this, this study has taken a gold mine as the background, analyzed the impact of safety atmosphere on workers’ unsafe behaviors, and provided theoretical and practical reference for gold mine enterprises to prevent accidents caused by workers’ unsafe behaviors.

Firstly, through the basic theory analysis of workers' unsafe behavior and the case analysis of metal mine accidents, the influencing factors of workers' unsafe behavior in metal mines are classified. Factors influencing unsafe behavior of metal mine workers include individual factors and organizational factors, that is, individual factors include safety attitude and safety ability, and organizational management factors include education and training, poor communication, working environment, risk perception, worker behavior, managers' attention and safety system.

Secondly, based on the classification of influencing factors of workers' unsafe behavior and the analysis of the basic theories of safety atmosphere and unsafe behavior, the research dimensions of safety atmosphere and workers’ unsafe behaviors are divided. According to the four dimensions of safety atmosphere (managers’ attention, safety communication and training, working environments and risk perception), two dimensions of unsafe behaviors (involuntary unsafe behavior and Conscious unsafe behavior) and one intermediate variable (safety attitude), fourteen hypothesis relationships between safety atmosphere and unsafe behaviors are put forward, based on which a structural equation conceptual model of safety atmosphere and workers’ unsafe behaviors in a gold mine is constructed.

Finally, the structural equation model test analysis shows that managers’ attention and safety attitude directly negatively affect workers’ unsafe behaviors, as well as the safety communication and training, risk perception and working environments directly or indirectly affect workers’ unsafe behaviors through safety attitude. The influences on workers’ unsafe behaviors are as follows in descending order: Safety attitude (0.659), work environments (0.649), safety communication and training (0.574), risk perception (0.427), managers’ attention (0.109). Based on this, the countermeasures to improve the safety atmosphere of a gold mine are put forward, which can better improve the safety atmosphere of a gold mine and provide theoretical guidance for gold mine enterprises to improve the safety atmosphere.