矿山环境问题是当前我国面临的一个重要挑战，矿山开发产生的环境污染和地质灾害对人类的生存环境会造成极大的影响。开采沉陷造成地表植被破坏和地下水资源破坏加剧了水土流失，对生态环境平衡造成长期的难以恢复的影响，其产生的次生地质灾害更是危害人们的生命和财产。因此，建立科学有效矿区环境评价体系，对矿区生态环境保护和地质灾害的防治具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。 本文以黄陵县建庄矿区为例，收集了矿区开发地质环境背景、开采方式及矿山开发现状等第一手资料，通过对这些资料认真分析、研究，总结出矿区开发的主要环境问题及这些问题产生的原因和特征。结合矿区开发实际情况，从区域地质环境背景、矿山开发状况和矿山地质环境问题三个方面选取评价因子建立评价指标体系，采用多层次模糊综合评判法进行矿区地质环境影响评价，经过建庄矿区实际统计数据验证表明，所选的评价因子和建立的评价模型与矿区实际相吻合。根据评价结果，给出建庄矿区环境保护与防治综合措施。 通过对矿区开采地质条件的进一步研究，采用概率积分法预计建庄矿区地表下沉最大值、最大水平移动值、最大变形值等，并对照附近地质采矿条件相似的焦坪矿区、黄陵矿区地表沉陷实测值，对预测的结果进行验证，最终确定了较为合理的地表沉陷参数。通过对比分析三矿区地质采矿条件和开采沉陷影响参数，得出地表沉陷的主导因素是开采方式、煤层的埋深、煤层开采厚度和上覆岩层坚硬程度等，同时，给出了建庄矿区开采后地表沉陷的影响规律。根据预测结果，给出建庄矿区地表沉陷综合防治措施。

Mine environment is currently a major challenge facing our country, environmental pollution arising from mining and geological disasters will cause a great impact on humanity's living environment. Vegetation and destruction of groundwater resources caused by mining subsidence damage aggravate soil erosion, which has caused long-term impact that is difficult to restore on balance of the ecological environment. The resulting secondary geological disasters are endangering people's lives and property. Therefore, the effective and scientific establishment mining area environmental evaluation system has important practical significance and application value to ecological and environmental protection on the mining and geological disasters prevention. This paper took Jian Zhuang mining area as an example, collected first-hand material about geological setting, mining methods, the mine exploitation present situation and so on, analyzed these data carefully, draw the conclusion that what are major environmental problems and the causes and characteristics. establish evaluation index system from three aspects that’s the regional geological setting, mining and mine development status combined with the actual situation in mining areas. Used multi-level fuzzy fuzzy synthesize assessment method to carry on environmental impact assessment. With the further research of Jian Zhuang mining area Geological conditions,the maximum value of surface subsidence, the maximum value of horizontal movement, the maximum value of deformation and so on are expected using probability integration method in Jian Zhuang mining area. Verificated them with the measured value of Jiao Ping and Huang Ling mining area, because their geological and mining conditions is similar.Then determined reasonable parameters of surface subsidencein in in Jian Zhuang mining Area. Analyzed these data carefully,draw the conclusion that the mainly influencing factors are mining method ,burying depth，thickness，hardness of the overlying rock and so on. According to the predictions, given the Influence law of ground subsidence and the comprehensive control measures.