彬长矿区亭南煤矿地处陇东黄土高原东南部，亦属陕北黄土高原南部梁沟壑区，开采煤层覆岩中普遍赋存厚度在200 m以上坚硬洛河组砂岩，且地表覆盖有较厚的第四系黄土松散层，地表移动规律受洛河组砂岩与黄土层共同耦合作用。在此条件下研究地表移动规律对亭南煤矿建（构）筑物下压煤的安全开采具有重要的研究应用价值。 本文以亭南煤矿三盘区4#煤层开采为研究背景，对三盘区地质采矿条件特征进行分析，并在开采工作面地表进行了移动变形观测，给出了非充分采动条件下地表移动规律，其结果表明：当单一工作面开采时，地表移动变形微弱，下沉系数仅为0.028，未对地表建筑造成损坏，属于非充分采动；当回采接替至两个工作面时，地表移动变形幅度增大，下沉率达到0.15，亦属非充分采动。一个工作面与两个工作面开采条件下的采动移动范围基本一致，但多工作面开采后地表点的下沉值和下沉速度急剧增大，其主要原因是由于受洛河组坚硬岩层的控制作用。 应用FLAC3D软件模拟各工作面开采地表移动变形规律，结果证实，303、305工作面开采地表移动规律与实测结果基本吻合；307工作面开采后，地表下沉系数为0.431，地表仍未达到充分采动；309工作面开采后，地表下沉系数为0.554，达到充分采动状态，分析给出了充分采动条件下的地表移动变形规律。由于受巨厚洛河组砂岩的控制影响，使得三盘区地表达到充分采动时的开采范围较常规开采条件下大。当倾向（最小）开采范围/采深≥1.5时，地表方能达到充分采动。 在地表实测及数值模拟基础之上，进一步分析了白垩系洛河组高位厚硬砂岩下开采地表的移动变形规律及特征。受洛河组砂岩主关键层的控制作用，使得地表下沉值与主关键层的挠度协调一致。在此条件下，地表是否达到充分采动应根据该地表最大下沉值与洛河组砂岩主关键层的最大挠度是否吻合来判定。 研究成果为彬长矿区厚砂岩覆盖层下大采深厚煤层开采地表移动变形规律研究奠定了基础，可作为彬长矿区建（构）筑物下安全采煤的参考依据。

Tingnan coal mine of Binchang Mining Area is located in the southeast Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province. It is part of the southern gully region of the loess plateau in northern shaanxi. There are hard sandstone of Luohe formation, whose thickness reached 200 m universally found in the mining coal seam overburden, occurrenced in the overburden strata of the thired panal of coal seam 4. The law of surface movement is co-coupled by the sandstone and loess layers of the Luohe Formation. It is of far-reaching practical significance to study the law of surface movement and deformation for the safe mining, in such special geological and mining conditions, under the building or structure of Tingnan coal mine and even the Bingchang mining area. Based on the research of No.4 coal seam mining in Sanpan District of Tingnan Coal Mine, this paper analyzes the characteristics of geological mining conditions in Sanpan District and observes the movement deformation on the surface of the mining face. The results show that when a single working face is mined, The surface movement deformation is weak, the subsidence coefficient is only 0.028, and it does not cause damage to the surface building. It is not fully mining. When the mining is replaced by two working faces, the surface movement deformation amplitude increases, and the sinking rate reaches 0.15. Not fully mobilized. The working range of one working face and the mining face under two working face mining conditions is basically the same, but the sinking value and sinking speed of the surface point after mining of multiple working faces increase sharply, which is mainly due to the hardening of the Luohe Formation. Rock formation control. The FLAC3D software was used to simulate the surface movement and deformation law of each working face. The results confirmed that the surface movement law of 303 and 305 working faces is basically consistent with the measured results. After the 307 working face is mined, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.431, and the surface still has not reached full mining. After the mining of the 309 working face, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.554, which is fully activated. Due to the control of the huge Houhe Formation sandstone, the mining range of the three-plate area to full mining is much larger than that under conventional mining conditions. When the ratio of the mining area to the mining depth is greater than or equal to 1.5. On the basis of surface measurement and numerical simulation, the movement deformation law and characteristics of the surface under the sandstone of the Luohe Formation in the Juhou Formation are further analyzed. In the Houluohe Formation sandstone, high-hard rock formations exist as the main key layer of the overlying strata, which is controlled by the control, so that the surface subsidence value is consistent with the deflection of the main key layer. Under this condition, whether the surface has reached full mining should be judged according to whether the maximum subsidence of the surface is consistent with the maximum deflection of the main key layer of the Luohe Formation sandstone. The research results lay a foundation for the research on the surface movement and deformation law of deep mining deep coal seam under the thick sandstone cover of Binchang mining area, which can be used as the reference basis for safe coal mining under the construction of the Changchang mining area.