液压支架是急倾斜煤层长壁伪俯斜工作面“围岩-装备”系统稳定性的核心，急倾斜煤层长壁伪俯斜工作面典型空间展布形态呈平行四边形，现有液压支架结构无法适应其空间稳定性要求，严重影响了该类条件下工作面安全高效开采。本文以急倾斜煤层长壁伪俯斜开采工作面为研究背景，采用工程类比、运动学分析、数值仿真及物理相似模拟的综合研究方法，分析了急倾斜煤层伪俯斜工作面“支架-围岩”稳定性特征，并以ZY7000/22/45型液压支架为基础，设计了一种异型液压支架，研究了关键构件运动学响应特征，验证了物理模型稳定性。主要研究结果如下：

（1）急倾斜煤层长壁伪俯斜开采推进过程中，直接顶形成垮落矸石在工作面后方呈非均匀填充状态，基本顶呈“平行四边形”悬露于采空区上方；工作面煤壁与巷道之间非正交连接，支架前方呈现“三角形”空挡区，普通支架的阶梯状布置易受垮落矸石影响，导致中下部支架变形大，且变形主要集中在掩护梁及后连杆。

（2）异型液压支架适应急倾斜煤层长壁伪俯斜工作面，满足顶板为平行四边形、液压支架无阶梯状排布等“支架-围岩”相互作用特征，主要结构特点为：顶梁、底座及立柱排布方式为平行四边形，异型掩护梁与后连杆、油缸连杆、底座构成柔性四连杆结构，取消平衡千斤顶，顶梁与底座实时平行，掩护梁与后连杆沿顶梁-底座中轴面完全对称。

（3）异型液压支架其内部运动方式由二维转为三维，立柱和油缸连杆是主要驱动机构。立柱位移及角度变化率小，为主要承载结构；油缸连杆位移及角度变化率大，为主要运动机构；立柱与上下柱窝间距小、与前后连杆和掩护梁铰接位置间距大时，支架支撑效果好；立柱适应顶板变形能力小于油缸连杆，故调优先考虑油缸连杆；掩护梁与后连杆在顶梁宽度内摆动，摆动幅度与后连杆与水平面夹角近似线性相关。

（4）1:5异型液压支架物理模型与虚拟样机运动特征一致。顶梁与底座实时平行，梁端水平位移为0mm；异型掩护梁不仅正常升降，还在顶梁支护范围内进行摆尾运动，以适应不同形状和倾斜角度的顶板，油缸连杆保证掩护梁为异型状态下支架可正常支护作业。

研究结果为急倾斜长壁伪俯斜工作面支架设计提供了一种选型，有利于保障该类煤层安全生产。

The hydraulic support is the core of the stability of the ' surrounding rock-equipment ' system of the long-wall pseudo-inclined working face in the steeply inclined coal seam. The typical spatial distribution of the long-wall pseudo-inclined working face in the steeply inclined coal seam is a parallelogram. The existing hydraulic support structure cannot meet the requirements of its spatial stability, which seriously affects the safe and efficient mining of the working face under such conditions. In this paper, taking the long-wall pseudo-inclined mining face of steeply inclined coal seam as the research background, the comprehensive research methods of engineering analogy, kinematics analysis, numerical simulation and physical similarity simulation are used to analyze the stability characteristics of ' support-surrounding rock ' in the pseudo-inclined working face of steeply inclined coal seam. Based on the ZY7000 / 22 / 45 hydraulic support, a special-shaped hydraulic support was designed, the kinematics response characteristics of key components were studied, and the stability of the physical model was verified. The main results are as follows :

(1) In the process of longwall pseudo-inclined mining in steeply inclined coal seam, the caving gangue formed by direct roof is non-uniformly filled behind the working face, and the basic roof is ' parallelogram ' hanging above the goaf. There is a non-orthogonal connection between the coal wall of the working face and the roadway, and a ' triangle ' empty block area is presented in front of the support. The stepped arrangement of the ordinary support is easily affected by the caving gangue, resulting in large deformation of the middle and lower support, and the deformation is mainly concentrated in the shield beam and the rear connecting rod.

(2) The special-shaped hydraulic support adapts to the long-wall inclined working face of the steeply inclined coal seam, and satisfies the characteristics of 'support-surrounding rock 'interaction such as parallelogram roof and hydraulic support without step arrangement. The main structural characteristics are as follows : The arrangement of the top beam, the base and the column is parallelogram. The special-shaped shield beam and the rear connecting rod, the cylinder connecting rod and the base constitute a flexible four-link structure, which eliminates the balance jack. The top beam is parallel to the base in real time, and the shield beam and the rear connecting rod are completely symmetrical along the central axis of the top beam-base.

(3)The internal motion mode of the special-shaped hydraulic support is changed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, and the column and cylinder connecting rod are the main driving mechanism. The column displacement and angle change rate are small, which is the main bearing structure ; the cylinder connecting rod has a large displacement and angle change rate, which is the main motion mechanism ; when the spacing between the column and the upper and lower column nests is small, and the spacing between the hinged position of the front and rear connecting rods and the shield beam is large, the support effect is good ; the deformation ability of the column to adapt to the roof is less than that of the oil cylinder connecting rod, so the oil cylinder connecting rod is given priority. The shield beam and the rear connecting rod swing within the width of the top beam, and the swing amplitude is approximately linearly related to the angle between the rear connecting rod and the horizontal plane.

(4) The physical model of 1 : 5 special-shaped hydraulic support is consistent with the motion characteristics of virtual prototype. The top beam is parallel to the base in real time, and the horizontal displacement of the beam end is 0 mm. The special-shaped shield beam is not only lifted and lowered normally, but also swing tail movement is carried out within the support range of the top beam to adapt to the roof with different shapes and inclination angles. The oil cylinder connecting rod ensures that the shield beam can be supported normally under the special-shaped state.

The research results provide a selection for the support design of the steeply inclined long-wall pseudo-inclined working face, which is conducive to ensuring the safe production of this type of coal seam.

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