国家发展改革委、国家能源局发布的《煤炭物流发展规划》中提出到2020年要基本形成物流网络配套衔接、技术装备先进适用、物流服务绿色高效的现代煤炭物流体系，而我国“北煤南运，西煤东运”的煤炭运输格局给这一目标提出了巨大挑战。研究大型煤炭企业物流效率，不仅是各煤炭企业进行产业结构优化的迫切需求，更是促进我国现代煤炭物流体系建设的重要保证。
本文以煤炭企业为研究对象，以煤炭企业物流效率为研究问题，首先界定了本文关于效率和煤炭企业物流效率的概念；再从我国煤炭企业物流整体的发展现状出发，立足于其目前面临的问题，收集我国15个大型煤炭企业2014-2018年的相关数据，运用数据包络分析法中的BCC模型、超效率DEA模型和Malmquist指数模型，对煤炭企业物流效率进行评价，从综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率和Malmquist指数的动态变化等方面进行分析；最后基于煤炭企业物流效率测算的结果，建立面板数据模型，选取经济运行水平、运输能力水平、科技创新水平、物流人力资源成本和物流专业化水平五个影响因素，测算这些因素对煤炭企业物流效率的影响程度。结果显示：经济运行水平、运输能力水平、科技创新水平和物流专业化水平与煤炭企业物流效率正相关，物流人力资源成本与煤炭企业物流效率负相关。
本文着眼中国煤炭市场，对大型煤炭企业的物流效率进行实证分析，填补了煤炭企业物流效率在量化研究领域的空白。在进行煤炭企业物流效率评价时，综合考虑了煤炭企业基础设施、人员、绿色环保、运输等多方面的情况，使得测算结果更加合理准确；基于物流效率评价结果，找出影响煤炭企业物流效率的主要因素，深入挖掘可以改善煤炭企业物流效率的途径，有效提升煤炭企业物流效率，从而推动煤炭产业结构的优化升级，促进我国现代化煤炭物流体系的可持续性发展。

The "Coal Logistics Development Plan" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration proposed that by 2020, a modern coal logistics system should be basically formed, with a cohesive logistics network, advanced technology and equipment, green and efficient logistics services. The coal transportation pattern of my country's "Northern Coal Transportation to the South, Western Coal Transportation to the East" poses a huge challenge to this goal. Studying the logistics efficiency of large coal enterprises is not only an urgent need for coal companies to optimize their industrial structure, but also an important guarantee for promoting the construction of my country's modern coal logistics system.
This article takes coal enterprises as the research object and the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises as the research problem. First, it defines the concepts of efficiency and coal enterprise logistics efficiency in this article; then, based on the current development status of China's coal enterprise logistics, based on the current problems, it collects the relevant data of 15 large coal enterprises in China from 2014 to 2018, and uses the BCC model, super-efficiency DEA model and Malmquist index model in the data envelopment analysis method to evaluate the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises, and analyze from the aspects of comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and dynamic changes of Malmquist index; finally, based on the results of coal enterprise logistics efficiency measurement, a panel data model is established, and five influencing factors of economic operation level, transportation capacity level, technological innovation level, logistics human resource cost and logistics specialization level are selected. Measure the influence of these factors on the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises. The results show that: the level of economic operation, the level of transportation capacity, the level of technological innovation and the level of logistics specialization are positively correlated with the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises, and the cost of logistics human resources is negatively correlated with the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises.
This article focuses on the Chinese coal market and conducts an empirical analysis of the logistics efficiency of large coal companies, filling the gap in the quantitative research field of coal companies' logistics efficiency. When evaluating the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises, comprehensive consideration is given to the coal enterprise's infrastructure, personnel, environmental protection, transportation and other aspects, which makes the calculation results more reasonable and accurate; based on the logistics efficiency evaluation results, find out the main factors that affect the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises, and dig deeper into ways to improve the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises, effectively improve the logistics efficiency of coal enterprises, thereby promoting the optimization and upgrading of the coal industry structure, and promoting the sustainable development of China's modern coal logistics system.