富油煤通过热解技术可以转化为油、气和半焦，具有集煤、油、气资源属性于一体的特点，利用其提油炼气是弥补我国油气供给不足问题的重要措施。但陕北地区富油煤开采利用目前尚未形成规模化生产，其限制因素之一为：在目前采煤工艺下，开采出煤样含有大量粉煤、末煤，块煤产出率低，导致其低温干馏提取的油品杂质含量高。而提高富油煤块煤开采率，需系统化掌握陕北富油煤组构特性及破碎力学强度，以便为后期选取合理的开采工艺和方法提供基础性参考依据。据此，本文依托陕西省自然科学基金重点项目《陕北富油煤形成机理及清洁高效利用研究》（编号：2019JL-01），以榆神府矿区富油煤为研究对象，首先开展煤岩组分、工业成分及孔隙结构分析，系统掌握富油煤微-细观组构特性；随后，开展富油煤力学特性测试及冲击破碎强度试验，获取富油煤破碎强度力学特性；最后，基于富油煤组构特性及力学强度关联分析，明确影响开采破碎过程中富油煤块煤成形率的控制因素，进而揭示富油煤破碎动态演化机制。研究成果可对陕北地区富油煤开采工艺和方法选择提供基础性物理力学性质参考。主要研究成果包括：

（1）基于榆神府矿区富油煤煤岩组分及工业成分分析，N22、H42、H52、Z52等多处煤样均为高挥发性煤，其典型特点为：挥发分占比均超过30%，固定碳占比>50%，而灰分与水分占比较小，仅不到10%。显微组分主要为镜质组与惰质组，壳质组与矿物成分占比少。

（2）基于榆神府矿区富油煤孔隙结构特性分析，煤样微孔极为发育，小孔次之、中孔及大孔发育程度低。但不同区域富油煤样各尺度下孔隙发育特征略有差异，以微孔为例，N22、H42、H52及Z52煤样微孔占比分别为73.4%、58%、76.3%、59.9%。采用不同的孔隙结构分析方法对比显示：液氮吸附法适合表征煤样微小孔隙特征，而压汞法适合表征煤样大尺度孔隙，核磁共振法则可表征煤样全孔径，但其与富油煤含水状况密切相关，不适合用于表征干燥状态或含水量低的富油煤孔隙结构。

（3）榆神府矿区富油煤静态力学性质存在一定差异，其中，抗压强度排序为N22煤样>H52煤样>H42煤样>Z52煤样，抗拉强度排序为N22煤样>H52煤样>Z52煤样> H42煤样，抗剪强度排序为N22煤样>H42煤样> H52煤样>Z52煤样。

（4）榆神府矿区富油煤抗冲击破碎能力整体呈现的规律为：在不同空间发育条件下，柠条塔煤样抗破碎能力最强，次之为红柳林及张家峁煤样；在不同煤层条件下，2^-2煤层煤样抗破碎能力最好，5^-2煤层的煤样抗破碎能力强于4^-2煤层煤样。

（5）富油煤的组构特性对破碎力学强度具有较大影响，其中，灰分对煤样抗拉强度影响较大，呈现正相关关系；而惰质组、固定碳对煤样破碎力学性质均有影响，孔隙率对破碎力学强度影响最大。对静态力学而言，煤样抗拉强度是大尺寸煤样冲击破碎的主控力学指标，而抗压强度则对小尺寸煤样冲击破碎具有显著影响。

（6）煤样冲击破碎特征主要表现为局部破碎、整体破碎两种形式，其中，局部破碎随着煤样冲击高度的增加而增大，整体破碎则存在“破碎高度阈值”。

Oil-rich coal can be converted into oil, gas and semi-coke through pyrolysis technology. It contains the properties of coal, oil and gas. Using it to get oil and gas is an major step to solve the problem of insufficient oil and gas in China. However, the exploitation and utilization of oil-rich coal in northern Shaanxi has not yet formed large-scale production. One of the limiting factors is: under the current coal mining technology, the extracted coal covers much pulverized coal and fine coal, and the lump coal output rate is low. The oil extracted by low-temperature dry distillation has high impurity content. To improve the mining rate of oil-rich lump coal, it is necessary to systematically master the pore structure, composition and strength of the oil-rich coal in northern Shaanxi, and it can provide a basic parameter for the later improvement of mining techniques and methods. Accordingly, this article relies on the key project of Shaanxi Provincial of "Study on the Formation Mechanism and Nonpolluting and High-efficiency Utilization of Oil-rich Coal in Northern Shaanxi" (No.: 2019JL-01). First carry out the test of oil-rich coal in the Yushenfu area coal maceral, industrial composition and pore structure and systematically grasp the micro-micro fabric characteristics of rich oil coal; then, carry out the static mechanical test and impact crushing strength test of rich oil coal to obtain the mechanical characteristics of the crushing strength of rich oil coal; finally, based on The correlation analysis of the structural characteristics and mechanical strength of oil-rich coal is to clarify the controlling factors that affect the formation rate of oil-rich coal lump coal during the mining and crushing process, and then reveal the dynamic mechanism of oil-rich coal crushing. The research results can provide a basic parameter for the later improvement of mining techniques and methods in northern Shaanxi. The main research results include:

(1) Based on the analysis of oil-rich coal composition and industrial composition in Yushenfu mining area, coal samples N22, H42, H52 and Z52 are all highly volatile coals, and their typical characteristics are: the proportion of volatile content exceeds 30%, the proportion of fixed carbon>50%, while the proportion of ash and moisture is relatively small, only less than 10%. The microscopic components are mainly vitrinite and inertite, and the chitin and mineral components account for a small proportion.

(2) Based on the analysis of the pore test data of the oil-rich coal in the Yushenfu mining area, the coal samples have extremely developed micropores, followed by small pores, and low development degrees of microporous and mesopore. However, the pore development characteristics of oil-rich coal samples in different regions are slightly different at various scales. Taking micropores as an example, the proportions of micropores in N22, H42, H52, and Z52 coal samples are 73.4%, 58%, 76.3%, and 59.9%, respectively. The comparison of different pore structure analysis methods shows that the liquid nitrogen adsorption method is suitable for characterizing the micro-pore characteristics of coal samples, while the mercury intrusion method is suitable for characterizing the large-scale pores of coal samples, and the nuclear magnetic resonance method can characterize the full pores of coal samples, but it is better than oil-rich coal. The water content is closely related and is not suitable for characterizing the pore structure of oil-rich coals in a dry state or with low water content.

(3) There are certain differences in the static mechanical properties of oil-rich coal in Yushenfu mining area. Among them, the compressive strength is ranked as N22 coal >H52 coal >H42 coal >Z52 coal, and the relationship between the tensile strength is H52 coal >Z52 coal. For coal sample>N22 coal sample>H42 coal, the order of shear strength is N22 coal >H42 coal >H52 coal sample>Z52 coal.

(4) The overall appearance of the anti-shattering ability of oil-rich coal in Yushenfu mining area is as follows: Under different spatial development conditions, Ningtiaota coal samples have the strongest anti-fragmentation ability, followed by Hongliulin and Zhangjiamao coal samples; Under different coal seam conditions, the 2^-2 coal seam has the best anti-fragmentation ability, and the 5^-2 coal seam's anti-fragmentation ability is stronger than that of the 4^-2 coal seam.

(5) The structural characteristics of oil-rich coal have a great influence on the mechanical strength of crushing. Among them, tensile strength is greatly affected by ash; while the inert group and fixed carbon have influence on the mechanical properties of the coal sample. Both have an impact, and the porosity has the greatest impact on the crushing behavior. In terms of static mechanics, Impact crushing of large coal samples is mainly affected by tensile strength, while compressive strength have significant effects on impact crushing of small-size coal samples.

(6) The characteristics of impact crushing of coal samples are mainly manifested in two forms: local crushing and whole crushing. Among them, the fragmentation height affects the local crushing of the coal sample, and whole crushing has a "threshold of crushing height".

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