With the acceleration of urbanization in China, urban traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious. In recent years, the rapid development of urban rail transit industry in China has greatly alleviated the problem of urban traffic congestion. However, the rapid development of urban rail transit has also exposed more and more problems, such as passenger congestion and detention in the station, the station design collection and distribution capacity is not consistent with the actual passenger flow, and even the means of closing the station to relieve the passenger flow pressure in the peak period of passenger flow. And the cost of subway station construction is huge, and it is difficult to change after completion. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to improve the distribution capacity of the completed subway stations. This paper takes this as the starting point, establishes the station distribution simulation model, simulates the subway station distribution situation. Combined with the theory of passenger flow distribution, the improvement scheme is proposed, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulation model. The main research contents are as follows:

(1) This paper analyzes and summarizes the three theories related to the research of rail transit stations, which are the characteristics of pedestrian flow, the process of passenger distribution and the evaluation index of station distribution, and puts forward the research ideas and technical routes of this paper.

(2) In this paper, the theoretical concepts related to the distribution capacity of metro stations and the coordinated measures to improve the distribution capacity in different situations are studied, and the density of people flow and the queuing length of facilities are selected as the evaluation indexes of the distribution capacity.

(3) The research object is DaYanTa subway station in Xi'an, and the field investigation and pedestrian observation are carried out. Based on the observation data, the traffic characteristics and pedestrian traffic characteristics of DaYanTa station are analyzed, including station layout, operation process, station facilities and pedestrian macro and micro traffic characteristics.

(4) The theory of social force model is analyzed in detail, and the simulation model of DaYanTa subway station is established by using the anylogic pedestrian database software based on the social force model. The pedestrian density map of the model is analyzed to find the bottleneck area of distribution capacity and obtain the traffic density or queuing number of people in the bottleneck area. Combined with the simulation data, the evaluation and analysis of the distribution of DaYanTa subway station in Xi'an are carried out, and suggestions for improvement are put forward. According to the improvement suggestions, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulation again.