煤炭作为我国主体能源，承担着维护能源安全的重要责任。随着煤炭资源开采向深部的转移，地应力、瓦斯压力增大导致煤矿开采瓦斯事故风险增大，严重限制了煤矿安全生产。为降低瓦斯危害，煤层钻孔预抽成为矿井瓦斯灾害防治的首选手段，而实际煤层处于三向不等压状态，钻孔布置参数与三轴应力条件下煤体瓦斯解吸渗流及变形特征紧密相关。因此，本文通过物理实验、理论分析、数值模拟及现场工程实践等方法，探究真三轴应力下煤体瓦斯解吸渗流及变形特征演化规律，以期为煤层瓦斯预抽参数的确定提供一定理论依据。

论文选用典型高瓦斯矿井煤样，开展了真三轴应力下不同中间主应力及瓦斯压力下煤体瓦斯解吸渗流实验，明确了中间主应力及瓦斯压力对煤体瓦斯解吸渗流特性及变形特征的影响规律。中间主应力增大，煤体瓦斯解吸量、解吸速率及解吸变形减小，两者呈负线性相关；瓦斯压力增大，煤体瓦斯解吸量、解吸速率及解吸变形增大，两者呈正线性相关。煤体渗透率及渗流变形随中间主应力增大呈减小趋势，两者呈负线性相关；瓦斯压力增大，煤体渗透率及渗流变形增大，两者呈正线性相关。

基于煤体变形控制方程、煤体瓦斯扩散渗流控制方程等，建立了基于孔裂隙双重介质的煤体瓦斯解吸渗流与变形耦合模型。利用COMSOL Multiphysics数值模拟软件，开展了不同中间主应力及瓦斯压力下煤体瓦斯解吸渗流数值模拟，通过与物理实验对比分析发现，两者变化规律具有良好一致性。煤体瓦斯解吸量相对误差均值7%，解吸体积应变相对误差均值6%；煤体渗透率相对误差均值7%，渗流体积应变相对误差均值3%，验证了所建立模型的合理性。

以彬长某矿40307工作面为工程实践背景，利用COMSOL Multiphysics数值模拟软件，分析了不同钻孔直径、煤层瓦斯含量、抽采负压及煤层渗透率对煤层瓦斯预抽效果的影响规律，并确定煤层瓦斯预抽最优布孔参数。钻孔直径增大，钻孔有效抽采半径呈增大趋势；煤层瓦斯含量增大，有效抽采半径增大，钻孔抽采影响范围增大；抽采负压对钻孔有效抽采半径影响并不显著；煤层渗透率越大，瓦斯抽采效果越显著；随着抽采时间延长，钻孔有效抽采半径呈指数增大趋势，并在抽采后期趋于稳定。参照煤层瓦斯预抽数值模拟结果及40307工作面瓦斯赋存情况，确定出预抽钻孔最佳布置参数：钻孔直径113 mm、布孔间距6 m、抽采负压15 kPa。通过现场工程实践，分析了瓦斯抽采浓度及瓦斯抽采纯量随抽采时间的变化规律，并计算出工作面各评价单元瓦斯预抽率，取得了良好效果，保障了工作面安全生产，对煤层瓦斯精准预抽具有一定的指导意义。

As the main energy of our country, coal bears the important responsibility of maintaining energy security. With the transfer of coal resources mining to the deep, the increase in ground stress and gas pressure leads to an increase in the risk of gas accidents in coal mining, which seriously restricts the safe production of coal mine. In order to reduce the gas hazard, coal seam drilling and pre-pumping has become the first choice for coal mine gas disaster prevention, but the actual coal seam is in the state of three unequal pressures, and the drilling layout parameters are closely related to the characteristics of gas desorption seepage and deformation in coal body under the condition of triaxial stress. Therefore, through physical experiment, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering practice, this paper explores the law of gas desorption seepage and deformation characteristics of coal body under true triaxial stress, in order to provide certain basis for the determination of coal seam gas pre-extraction parameters.

This paper selects typical coal samples of high gas mine to carry out gas desorption seepage experiments under different intermediate principal stress and gas pressure under true triaxial stress, and makes clear the law of influence of intermediate principal stress and gas pressure on gas desorption seepage characteristics and deformation characteristics of coal. With the increase of the intermediate principal stress, the desorption amount, desorption rate and desorption deformation of coal gas decrease, and the two have negative linear correlation. With the increase of gas pressure, the gas desorption amount, desorption rate and desorption deformation increase, and the two are positively linear correlated. The permeability and seepage deformation of coal mass decrease with the increase of intermediate principal stress, and they are negatively linear correlated. With the increase of gas pressure, the permeability and seepage deformation of coal mass increase, and the two are positively linear correlated.

Based on the deformation control equation of coal body and the gas diffusion and seepage control equation of coal body, a coupled model of coal body gas desorption and seepage and deformation based on the dual medium of pore and fissure was established. Using COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software, numerical simulation of gas desorption and seepage under different intermediate principal stresses and gas pressures in the coal body was carried out, and it was found that the two patterns of change had good consistency through comparison and analysis with physical experiments. The mean relative error of coal gas desorption amount is 7%, and the mean relative error of desorption volume strain is 6%. The mean relative error of coal permeability is 7%, and the mean relative error of seepage volume strain is 3%, which verifies the rationality of the established model.

Taking 40307 working face of a mine in Binchang as the background of engineering practice, COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software was used to analyze the influence of different borehole diameters, coal seam gas content, negative pressure and permeability of coal seam on the effect of coal seam gas pre-pumping, and to determine the optimal parameters of coal seam gas pre-pumping. As the diameter of the borehole increases, the effective radius of the borehole increases; the gas content of the coal seam increases, the effective radius of the borehole increases, and the influence range of the borehole increases; the effect of negative pressure on the effective radius of the borehole is not significant; the larger the permeability of the coal seam is, the more significant the effect of the gas extraction is; with the prolongation of the extraction time, the effective radius of the borehole increases exponentially, and tends to be stabilized in the late stage of the extraction. According to the numerical simulation results of coal seam gas pre-pumping and the occurrence of gas in 40307 working face, the optimal layout parameters of pre-pumping borehole are determined: borehole diameter 113 mm, spacing of borehole 6 m, negative pumping pressure 15 kPa. Through the field engineering practice, the law of gas extraction concentration and gas extraction quantity with extraction time is analyzed, and the gas pre-extraction rate of each evaluation unit of the working face is calculated, and good results are obtained, which ensures the safety of the working face and has certain guiding significance for the pre-extraction of coal seam gas.

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