在矿井中喷洒阻化剂是预防煤自燃的重要技术之一，但是目前已经开发出的阻化剂 依旧存在阻化率低下、阻化时间短等缺陷。本文从煤自燃链式反应机理出发，首先从三 种抗氧化剂中优选出最佳的一种作为化学阻化成分，以单硬脂酸甘油酯作为外壁材料， 利用脂质体包裹技术制备出复合型固体脂质阻化剂，再从宏观层面采用程序升温实验和 同步热分析实验研究复合固体脂质阻化剂对煤自燃全过程的阻化效果，从微观层面利用 原位漫反射红外测试方法研究复合固体脂质阻化剂在氧化升温进程中对煤中活性基团 的影响，并分析对煤自燃的阻化机理。研究结果对煤自燃阻化技术的发展与未来煤自燃 防治有重要的理论指导意义。 本文以槲皮素、番茄红素和叶黄素作为化学阻化成分进行研究，利用傅里叶变换红 外光谱测试分析三种抗氧化剂在不同浓度下对煤中羟基、含氧官能团、脂肪烃和芳香烃 官能团的影响，发现槲皮素和叶黄素浓度高于 6wt%时对各类基团抑制效果较好；番茄 红素浓度低于 6wt%时对羟基和含氧官能团影响较大，在 10wt%时可有效降低芳香烃和 脂肪烃含量。对于活性较强的羟基、含氧官能团和脂肪烃官能团，槲皮素的抑制效果更 佳。因此，优选出槲皮素作为复合固体脂质阻化剂的目标化学阻化成分。在此基础上通 过高温熔融-低温固化法制备得到复合固体脂质阻化剂，并采用紫外分光光度计法测试 不同组分比例的包覆率，发现单硬脂酸甘油酯与抗氧化剂的配比在 2:1 时复合阻化剂的 包覆率最高可达 89%。基于此制备复合固体脂质阻化剂进行后续实验。 利用程序升温测试系统和同步热分析实验分别测试原煤及添加不同阻化成分的煤 样在氧化升温进程中释放的气体含量和特征温度的变化规律，计算了阻化率、燃烧特性 指数、放热量等特性参数，发现复合固体脂质阻化剂的阻化率最高可达到 80.67%，较添 加单一槲皮素提高了 17.4%；相较于原煤，经复合固体脂质阻化剂处理的煤样的放热量 降低 507.65 J/g，最大释放热功率降低了 60%，可燃性指数降低了 56.4%。验证了复合固 体脂质阻化剂对煤自燃优异的阻化效果。 利用热重实验测试抗氧化剂不同含量时制备的复合固体脂质阻化剂对煤氧化自燃 反应全过程的特征温度及氧化动力学参数的影响，采用 FWO 法和积分法计算阻化前后 煤样在多升温速率下表观活化能变化及机理函数。发现槲皮素含量在 15%时复合固体脂 质阻化剂对四个阶段的特征温度点和表观活化能影响最大。此外，大部分煤样的机理函 数符合反应级数模型（n=2）。 最后采用原位漫反射红外光谱法测试原煤及阻化煤样中特征基团随温度的变化，发 现复合固体脂质阻化剂有效降低了羟基、脂肪烃等活性基团以及煤氧复合反应中间产物 含量，醚键含量有所提高。在煤的低温氧化阶段，复合固体脂质阻化剂的外部脂质结构 会随温度升高软化破裂附着于煤体表面，起到隔氧吸热的物理阻化效果，在脂质体破裂 过程的同时缓慢释放出槲皮素，在高温阶段，槲皮素持续提供氢自由基消耗煤中活性基 团并生成醚键，中断链式反应进程，起到化学抑制效果。

The spraying of arresting agents in mines is one of the most important techniques for preventing spontaneous coal combustion, but the arresting agents that have been developed still suffer from low arresting rates and short arresting times. In this paper, the best antioxidant was selected from three types of antioxidants as the chemical blocking component, and the composite solid lipid blocking agent was prepared by using liposome encapsulation technology with glycerol monostearate as the outer wall material. The effect of the composite solid lipid inhibitor on the whole process of coal spontaneous combustion was investigated at the macroscopic level using programmed warming experiments and simultaneous thermal analysis experiments, and the effect of the composite solid lipid inhibitor on the reactive groups in coal during the oxidation warming process was investigated at the microscopic level using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared testing, and the inhibitory mechanism on coal spontaneous combustion was analysed. The results of the study have important theoretical implications for the development of coal spontaneous combustion deterrent technology and future coal spontaneous combustion control. In this paper, quercetin, lycopene and luteolin were studied as chemical histochemical components. The effects of the three antioxidants on the hydroxyl, oxygen-containing, aliphatic and aromatic functional groups in coal at different concentrations were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests. The results showed that quercetin and luteolin concentrations above 6wt% were more effective in inhibiting various groups; lycopene concentrations below 6wt% had a greater effect on hydroxyl and oxygenated functional groups, and at 10wt% were effective in reducing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon content. For the more reactive hydroxyl, oxygen-containing and aliphatic functional groups, quercetin is more effective in inhibiting them. Therefore, quercetin is preferred as a target chemo-blocking component of the composite solid lipid blocker. On this basis, the composite solid lipid resist was prepared by high-temperature melting-low-temperature curing method, and the encapsulation rate of different component ratios was tested by UV spectrophotometry. It was found that the highest coverage rate of the composite resist was 89% at a ratio of 2:1 between glyceryl monostearate and antioxidant. Based on this, the composite solid lipid resist was prepared for subsequent experiments. The gas content and characteristic temperature of raw coal and coal samples with different resistances were tested during the oxidation warming process using the programmed warming test system and simultaneous thermal analysis experiments, and the resistances, combustion characteristics index, heat release and other characteristic parameters were calculated. It was found that the blocking rate of the composite solid lipid inhibitor could reach up to 80.67%, which was 17.4% higher than the addition of single quercetin. Compared with the original coal, the heat release of the coal sample treated with the composite solid lipid inhibitor was reduced by 507.65 J/g, the maximum heat power released was reduced by 60% and the flammability index was reduced by 56.4%. The excellent deterrent effect of the composite solid lipid inhibitor on the spontaneous combustion of coal was verified. Thermogravimetric experiments were used to test the effect of composite solid lipid resistances prepared at different levels of antioxidants on the characteristic temperature and oxidation kinetic parameters of the whole process of the coal oxidation spontaneous combustion reaction. The FWO method and the integral method were used to calculate the apparent activation energy changes and the mechanism functions of the coal samples before and after resistances at multiple heating rates. The composite solid lipid blocker at 15% quercetin content was found to have the greatest effect on the characteristic temperature points and apparent activation energies of the four stages. In addition, the mechanism functions of most of the coal samples were consistent with the reaction level model (n=2). Finally, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy was used to test the variation of characteristic groups with temperature in raw and resisted coal samples. It was found that the composite solid lipid inhibitor effectively reduced the content of reactive groups such as hydroxyl and aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as the intermediate products of the coal-oxygen complex reaction, and increased the content of ether bonds. During the low temperature oxidation phase of the coal, the external lipid structure of the composite solid lipid blocker softens and ruptures as the temperature rises and attaches to the surface of the coal, providing a physical barrier to oxygen and heat absorption and slowly releasing quercetin while the lipid body ruptures. During the high temperature phase, quercetin continues to provide hydrogen radicals to consume the reactive groups in the coal and generate ether bonds, interrupting the chain reaction process and providing a chemical inhibition effect.