絮凝过程是水处理工艺中应用最普遍的环节之一，在使用该法处理废水时，药剂费用占处理成本的50%以上。聚硅酸盐絮凝剂作为一种新型的无机高分子絮凝剂，其效果好，成本低，电性中和及吸附能力强，受到研究和开发絮凝剂人员的关注。本文制备了新型的无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸硼铁锌（PSBFZ），并对其合成工艺、性能、应用及絮凝机理进行了研究，得出结论如下： 1、采用共聚法制得了聚硅酸硼铁锌（PSBFZ）絮凝剂，并与制得的聚硅酸铁（PSF）、聚硅酸铁锌（PSFZ）、聚硅酸硼铁（PSBF）絮凝剂进行色度、浊度、稳定性的比较，表明了PSBFZ絮凝剂良好的性能，考察了硅酸钠溶液浓度、硅酸聚合时间、Fe/Si、Zn/Si、B/Si对絮凝效果和稳定性的影响。通过正交实验和单因素实验确定了制备最佳工艺条件：硅酸钠溶液浓度为0.5mol/L，聚合时间为130分钟，聚合pH值为2.2，陈化时间为48小时，B/Si为0.4 ，Fe/Si为1.5，Zn/Si为1.5。 2、将PSBFZ絮凝剂与聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚硅酸铁（PSF）相比：（1）该产品稳定性好，自然状态下存放4个月形态及性能几乎没有变化。（2）在水样pH为5~10的范围，有良好的除浊、除色能力。pH为8时，去除率最好，浊度去除率为99.6%，色度去除率为99.4%。（3）处理水的最佳温度为5~40℃。（4）该产品所形成的絮体粗大而且密实，较PAC和PFS絮凝剂的絮体沉降速度快。（5）PSBFZ絮凝剂较其他三种絮凝剂投加量小，絮凝效果好。 3、分别考察了PSBFZ对印染废水、微污染景观水、垃圾渗滤液等水样的絮凝效果。在最佳处理条件下，对于印染废水污染，脱色率为95.4%，COD去除率达到92.2%；对于城市微污染景观水，COD去除率为88.1%，除浊率达到99.3%；对于垃圾渗滤液废水，脱色率达到90.1%，COD去除率达到67.4%。PSBFZ的絮凝效果优于PFS、PAC和PSFS，是一种高效低耗的无机高分子絮凝剂。 4、用红外光谱和X-射线衍射分析仪对PSBFZ絮凝剂进行了结构分析。 红外光谱分析表明，铁、锌、硼离子通过氧桥或羟桥与聚硅酸成键，形成长链的带正电的大分子，提高了絮凝性能，延长了凝胶时间。X-射线衍射图谱分析表明，PSBFZ絮凝剂并非简单的共混物，而是与硅酸酸共同形成了无定形聚合物。

Coagulation was an important technology used generally in water treatment．The cost of coagulants approximately account for 50 percent of the total cost of the water treatment．a relatively new type of flocculation reagents, such as polysilicic-salt, had been recently concerned as an inorganic polymeric flocculant with good flocculation effect and low cost, which had the charge neutralizing capacity and adsorption bridging by researchers. A new type of inorganic polymer flocculant, polysilicate boron ferric and zinc sulfate (PSBFZ), was prepared through reaction of sodium silicate, ferric sulfate, zinc sulfate and sodium tetraborate. The preparation conditions，flocculation performance，practice effect and flocculation mechanism were fully investigated in this paper. 1、PSBFZ, PFS, PSBF, PSFZ were synthesized by co-polymerization. the removal of the turbidity ,the chromaticity and stability were compared，By investigating the removing rate of turbidity and chromaticity and the stability, the results show that the flocculation efficiency is influenced by the concentration of Na2SiO3, polymerization time,the Fe/Si,Zn/Si and B/Si malar rate.The Optimal synthesis process and material mixture ratio were determined by Orthogonal and single-factor experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: the concentration of Na2SiO3 was 0.5mol/L ; polymerization time was 120 min; activation pH value was 2.2; aging time was 48h; n(B)/n(Si), n(Fe)/n(Si), n(Zn)/n(Si) were 0.4, 1.5, 1.5, respectively. PSBFZ had a favorable stability that it will not gel within 4 months. 2、Compared to those traditional inorganic polymer flocculants, such as PFS and PAC and PSF, the good efficiency was studied.(1)It has good stability effect. The form and flocculation efficiency of PSBFZ almost have no more change with the condition of haning it placed at nature. (2)The removal of turbidity at 5-40℃ of PSBFZ was better than that of any othert emperatures.(3)PSBFZ dosage is more less than it of PAC and PFC, but the flocculation efficiency was better than them.(4)PSBFZ crassitude and close-grained floc was observed. 3、In order to test practice effect in sewage treatment, dyeing waste water, landscape water and landfill leachate were to get disposal by using PSBFZ. The flocculation efficiency of PSBFZ was better than that of PFS、PAC、PSF。COD removal of rate and color removal of rate can attain 92.2% and 95.4% about dyeing waste water, colority of wastewater could reach to 90.1%. Remove rate of COD may get to 67.4%. PSBFZ crassitude and close-grained floc was observed． 4、Mechanism Of flocculation and structure characterizations of PSBFZ were Studied．Particular analysis Was carried out with IR spectrometry for the binding mechanism of the polymeric silicic acid and metal ions．The results showed that the structure of this new flocculant was polymeric with O-and OH?bridges. By XRD instrument analysis, PSBFZ which is composed with B, Fe3-+, Zn2+ and polysilicic acid is amorphous polymer. PSBFZ crassitude and close-grained floc was observed.