急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采的关键是煤炭资源高效开采与围岩动力灾害防控。针对急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采工艺特点，以及实现安全高效开采必须面对复杂多变地质条件的现实，增加分段高度以提高单位推进度的原煤产量是实现急倾斜特厚煤层高效开采的重要手段之一，同时大段高顶煤强卸荷开采联动影响顶底板围岩局部敏感区应力与结构损伤畸变致灾加剧。论文以急倾斜特厚煤层开采典型矿井乌东煤矿为工程背景，通过现场实测、物理相似模拟实验、力学分析、数值模拟等方法，开展了急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采顶煤冒放结构特征、顶底板围岩空间结构形成及动态演化规律与减灾增效协同防控研究，为急倾斜特厚煤层安全高效开采提供理论和工程实践支撑。主要研究成果如下：

(1)系统分析了急倾斜煤层资源禀赋环境与结构特征。针对急倾斜煤层开采典型矿井乌东煤矿，开展工程地质特征与开采环境评估，分析了水平分段综放开采煤岩联动致灾因素及特征、综放工作面支架压力与典型动力灾害显现情况。基于地质雷达、3D钻孔电视、松动圈测试仪等探测手段，实施现场开采扰动区煤岩体结构“立体”探测，为揭示围岩力学行为的结构与应力协调控制机制提供必要的基础数据。

(2)揭示了急倾斜大段高顶煤冒放形态及动态演化特征。通过分析顶煤钻孔图像、瞬变电磁实测数据，数值模拟研究不同倾角顶煤冒放结构特征，构建顶煤非对称拱结构力学模型，基于合理拱轴线理论，确定了顶煤非对称拱结构形态及动态演化特征。

(3)基于自主设计与构建的急倾斜煤层多水平分段开采物理相似模拟实验多指标监测平台，发现了围岩结构由开采初期倾斜非对称拱结构转化为悬臂岩梁结构的演化规律，获取了围岩结构形成及周期性失稳过程中声-热-震特征的同步对应关系，定量确定微震大能量事件判定值，引入微震能率偏差值指标，得出急倾斜煤层多水平分段开采微震偏差值分布特征，为后续开采水平围岩结构失稳诱发的动力灾害防控提供借鉴。

(4)构建了不同受载条件下顶板、层间岩柱、底板倾斜悬臂岩梁结构力学模型，获得了顶板、层间岩柱、底板岩梁能量分布函数，分析了急倾斜围岩结构能量展布异化特征，数值模拟研究了不同倾角急倾斜煤层开采围岩塑性区、应力及能量分布特征，揭示了急倾斜煤岩体高应力强卸荷开采条件下围岩局部敏感区-剪切变形局部化带应力/应变与结构损伤畸变致灾机理。

(5)实现了急倾斜煤层资源高效开采与围岩动力灾害防控的协同，通过超前注水与爆破耦合预裂措施提高顶煤采出率和围岩动力灾害的预先控制，动态评估了减灾增效协同防控方案，有效的保障了工作面的安全高效开采。

本研究为急倾斜特厚煤层资源高效开采与围岩动力灾害防控方面具有较好的科学及实用价值，对类似赋存条件下特厚煤层的安全高效开采具有借鉴意义。

The key to fully mechanized section caving mining in steeply inclined thick coal seam is the efficient mining of coal resources and the prevention and control of surrounding rock dynamic disasters. In view of the characteristics of horizontal section fully mechanized caving mining technology in steeply inclined thick coal seam, and the reality that safe and efficient mining must face complex and changeable geological conditions, increasing the section height to increase the raw coal production per unit advancement is one of the important means to realize the efficient mining of steeply inclined thick coal seam. At the same time, the linkage of strong unloading mining of large section of high top coal affects the stress of local sensitive area of roof and floor surrounding rock and the aggravation of structural damage and distortion. This paper takes Wudong Coal Mine, a typical mine in steeply inclined and extra-thick coal seam mining, as the engineering background. Through field measurement, physical similarity simulation experiment, mechanical analysis, numerical simulation and other methods, the characteristics of top coal caving structure, the formation of spatial structure of roof and floor surrounding rock, the dynamic evolution law and the coordinated prevention and control of disaster reduction and efficiency improvement in horizontal section fully mechanized caving mining of steeply inclined and extra-thick coal seam are studied, which provides theoretical and engineering practice support for safe and efficient mining of steeply inclined and extra-thick coal seam. The main research results are as follows:

(1)The resource endowment environment and structural characteristics of steeply inclined coal seam are systematically analyzed. Aiming at Wudong Coal Mine, a typical mine in steeply inclined coal seam mining, the engineering geological characteristics and mining environment assessment were carried out, and the disaster-causing factors and characteristics of coal-rock linkage in horizontal section fully-mechanized caving, the support pressure of fully-mechanized caving face and the occurrence of typical dynamic disasters were analyzed. Based on detection methods such as geological radar, 3D drilling television, and loose zone tester, a "three-dimensional" detection of the coal and rock mass structure in the disturbed area of on-site mining is implemented, providing necessary basic data for revealing the structural and stress coordination control mechanism of the surrounding rock mechanical behavior.

(2)The caving form and dynamic evolution characteristics of steeply inclined large section high top coal are revealed. By analyzing the borehole image of top coal and the measured data of transient electromagnetic, the characteristics of top coal caving structure with different dip angles are studied by numerical simulation, and the mechanical model of asymmetric arch structure of top coal is constructed. Based on the theory of reasonable arch axis, the shape and dynamic evolution characteristics of asymmetric arch structure of top coal are determined.

(3)Based on the self-designed and constructed multi-index monitoring platform of physical similarity simulation experiment for multi-level section mining in steep coal seam, the evolution law of surrounding rock structure from inclined asymmetric arch structure to cantilever rock beam structure in the early stage of mining is found. The synchronous correspondence of acoustic-thermal-seismic characteristics in the formation and periodic instability of surrounding rock structure is obtained, and the judgment value of microseismic large energy event is quantitatively determined. By introducing the index of microseismic energy rate deviation, the distribution characteristics of microseismic deviation value in multi-level section mining of steep coal seam are obtained, which provides reference for the prevention and control of dynamic disasters induced by the instability of horizontal surrounding rock structure in subsequent mining.

(4)The mechanical model of inclined cantilever rock beam structure of roof, interlayer rock pillar and floor under different loading conditions is constructed. The energy distribution functions of roof, interlayer rock pillar and floor rock beam are obtained. The energy distribution alienation characteristics of steeply inclined surrounding rock structure are analyzed. The plastic zone, stress and energy distribution characteristics of surrounding rock in steeply inclined coal seam mining with different dip angles are studied by numerical simulation. The stress / strain and structural damage distortion mechanism of local sensitive area of surrounding rock-shear deformation localization zone under high stress and strong unloading mining conditions of steeply inclined coal and rock mass are revealed.

(5)The coordination of efficient mining of steeply inclined coal seam resources and prevention and control of dynamic disasters of surrounding rock is realized. The pre-control of top coal recovery rate and dynamic disasters of surrounding rock is improved by advanced water injection and blasting coupling pre-splitting measures. The coordinated prevention and control scheme of disaster reduction and efficiency improvement is dynamically evaluated, which effectively guarantees the safe and efficient mining of working face.

This study has good scientific and practical value for the efficient mining of steeply inclined thick coal seam resources and the prevention and control of surrounding rock dynamic disasters, and has reference significance for the safe and efficient mining of thick coal seams under similar occurrence conditions.

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