储能技术是解决太阳能等可再生能源供给与用户需求实时匹配的有效方法之一。基于矿井功能性充填技术，利用矿井地下巨大采场空间构建相变蓄热储库进行季节性储热，为推进矿区可再生能源的大规模、稳定、高效利用提供了新思路。本文以金属矿山的螺旋管立式相变蓄热储库为对象，基于相似理论搭建了物理相似模型实验台，研究了入口流速、入口水温、蓄/释热时间比、储库模型的初始温度、高度对储库模型蓄/释热性能的影响规律。采用Fluent软件构建了物理实验模型的三维非稳态数学模型，利用实验结果验证了模型的准确性，探究了螺旋型换热管的管径、螺距、中径三种结构参数对储热单元蓄/释热过程的影响。主要研究内容和成果如下：

    （1）通过改变换热管内流量和温度，实验探究了入口流速和入口水温对储热单元蓄/释热性能的影响规律。数据表明，当入口流速从0.5m/s增大到0.9m/s时，累积蓄/释热量及总换热效率分别增加8.2%/11.1%、2.9%；此外，蓄热入口水温从80℃提升到90℃时，累积蓄/释热量及总换热效率分别增加31.5%/57.1%、19.6%；而释热入口水温从14℃增加到22℃时，累积释热量及总换热效率分别降低41.2%和41.3%；

   （2）针对蓄/释热时间比这一影响因素进行了分析，探究了4：6、5：5、6：4三种蓄释热时间比下的单元换热性能。结果表明：当蓄/释热时间比为4：6时，蓄/释热总效率η可以达到0.92。

   （3）在保证换热管体积与储热单元体积比值恒定的前提下，研究了单元高度变化对蓄/释热性能的影响。当储热单元高度从0.5m增加到0.7m时，累计蓄/释热量和总效率η分别提升42%和80.7%。

   （4）在构建并验证了数学模型的准确性之后，探究了管径、螺距、中径三种结构参数对蓄/释热性能的影响。其中，中径增大对储热单元的换热性能提升较为显著，且对释热阶段影响较蓄热阶段更大。数据表明，当中径从80mm增大到120mm时，总融化时间缩短了40.2%，释热末期的液相率从0.25降低到了0.06，蓄/释热阶段的 、单位时间换热量、㶲效率和平均换热效率分别提升34.7%/38.5%、12.1%/23.2%、10.7%/66.2%和20.9%/61.2%。

     本文对充填矿井螺旋管立式相变储热库进行了详细的研究，初步揭示了相变储热单元的换热影响规律和传热机理，为利用矿井地下空间实现矿区太阳能的高效跨季节热能存储提供了数据支撑。

     Energy storage technology is one of the effective ways to solve the real-time matching between the supply of renewable energy such as solar energy and user demand. The phase-change heat storage reservoir is built for seasonal heat storage using the vast subterranean stope space, based on the mine's functional backfilling technology. This offers a novel concept for encouraging the widespread, reliable, and effective use of renewable energy in mining locations. In order to investigate the effects of inlet flow rate, inlet water temperature, heat storage/release time ratio, initial temperature, and height of the storage model on the heat storage/release performance of the metal mine, a physical similarity model test platform was constructed based on similarity theory in this paper. Using Fluent software, a three-dimensional unstable mathematical model of the physical experiment was created. The experimental findings confirmed the model's accuracy, and the impact of three structural parameters—pitch length, pitch diameter, and spiral heat exchange tube diameter—on the heat storage unit's heat storage and release process was investigated. The following are the primary research contents and accomplishments:

     (1) The impact of input velocity and inlet water temperature on the heat storage/release performance of the heat storage unit was examined experimentally by varying the flow rate and temperature in the heat exchange tube. The statistics demonstrate that the accumulated heat/release heat and the overall heat transfer efficiency increase by 8.2%, 11.1%, and 2.9%, respectively, when the inlet flow rate increases from 0.5 m/s to 0.9 m/s. Furthermore, the accumulated heat/release heat and the overall heat transfer efficiency increase by 31.5%, 57.1%, and 19.6%, respectively, when the temperature of the heat storage inlet water rises from 80°C to 90°C. The cumulative heat release and total heat transfer efficiency drop by 41.2% and 41.3%, respectively, as the temperature of the heat release inlet water rises from 14°C to 22°C.

    (2) According to the influence factor of heat storage/release time ratio, the heat transfer performance of the unit under the three kinds of heat storage/release time ratio of 4:6, 5:5 and 6:4 was analyzed. The results indicate that the overall storage/release efficiency η can reach 0.92 at a storage/release ratio of 4:6.

    (3) The impact of unit height variation on heat storage/release performance was investigated under the assumption that the volume ratio of the heat exchange tube and the heat storage unit would remain constant. The heat storage unit's cumulative heat storage/release and overall efficiency η rise by 42% and 80.7%, respectively, when it is raised from 0.5 meters to 0.7 meters in height.

    (4) Following the establishment and validation of the mathematical model's accuracy, the impact of three structural parameters—pitch length, pitch diameter, and pipe diameter—on the heat storage/release performance was investigated. Among these, increasing the pitch diameter has a higher effect on the heat release stage than the heat storage stage and considerably enhances the heat storage unit's heat transfer performance. The statistics demonstrate that a 40.2% reduction in the overall melting time and a 0.25 to 0.06 reduction in the liquid fraction at the conclusion of heat release occur when the pitch diameter is increased from 80 to 120 mm. The average UA number , heat exchangeper unit time , exergy efficiency , average heat transfer rate increased by 34.7%/38.5%, 12.1%/23.2%, 10.7%/66.2%, and 20.9%/61.2% during heat storage and release stage.

    This paper presents a detailed analysis of the spiral tube vertical phase change heat storage of a backfilling mine, along with a preliminary revelation of the heat transfer influence law and heat transfer mechanism of the phase change heat storage unit. This data supports the development of an efficient cross-season heat energy storage system for mining area solar energy using the mine's underground space.