煤体的微观结构特征及其吸附解吸规律是瓦斯灾害防治和煤层气开发与利用过程中一项重要的基础性研究工作。在借鉴前人研究结果的基础上，采集新疆阜康矿区气煤样和3种变质程度较高的煤样进行对比研究，分析了新疆阜康矿区气煤的孔隙结构特征，分别进行了吸附解吸实验，探寻阜康矿区气煤的瓦斯吸附机理，以及与中高变质程度煤的解吸差异性机理，通过分析气煤煤粒中瓦斯放散形式，提出了基于孔隙结构特性的煤粒瓦斯放散数学模型。 利用压汞和低温液氮吸附实验，研究了新疆阜康矿区气煤的孔隙分布特征和孔隙类型。结果表明：阜康矿区气煤的孔隙发育，大、中孔开放性较好，微孔和小孔开放性较差，小孔孔隙占有较大比例，其次是大孔，而中高变质程度煤样中的孔隙则含有大量墨水瓶型孔，微孔最多。 利用HCA高压容量法等温吸附实验装置测定了煤样的瓦斯吸附特性，通过几种吸附模型的对比分析，得出D-A方程能更好的描述阜康矿区气煤的瓦斯吸附特性，并分析了压力、粒径以及孔隙结构三个方面对阜康矿区气煤的瓦斯吸附特性的影响，给出了阜康矿区气煤的瓦斯吸附机理。 利用自主研发的煤样多气一体化实验台进行了瓦斯解吸规律测试，实验结果表明：不同吸附平衡压力的瓦斯累计解吸量均随解吸时间的延长而增大，呈单调递增的有限函数，瓦斯放散衰减系数Kt值与吸附平衡压力无关，吸附平衡压力增加使瓦斯放散初速度增大。初始瓦斯解吸量与各孔径段的孔容和比表面积均成正相关关系，大孔的孔容及其比表面积对初始瓦斯解吸量和瓦斯放散初速度起决定性的作用，瓦斯放散初期，从煤体中放散出来的瓦斯气体主要来源于孔径较大的大孔和可见孔内。对比不同变质程度煤的相对解吸率，提出了不同变质程度煤样解吸规律的差异性机理。 针对现阶段不同学者对煤粒中瓦斯放散方式机理的不统一，以Fick扩散为理论基础建立煤粒瓦斯放散方程，并对其进行了解算，将理论解算结果与实验结果对照分析发现单纯运用Fick扩散来描述气煤煤粒的瓦斯放散方式是不准确的。通过对阜康矿区气煤的孔隙的分形特征及孔径分布特征分析，将孔隙按孔径大小划分为大于140nm的渗流孔和小于140nm的吸附孔，并判定瓦斯气体在在渗流孔中以渗流方式流动，在吸附孔中以扩散的形式进行流动。结合阜康矿区煤粒的孔隙结构特征及其内部瓦斯不同的流动形式，提出相应的煤粒物理模型，建立了基于孔隙结构特征的瓦斯放散方程，并给出了初始条件及边界条件。 采用有限差分方法，对建立的煤粒瓦斯放散数学模型进行离散化处理，采用VB语言对经过离散化的数学模型进行了编程解算。对实验条件下煤粒瓦斯放散规律进行了模拟，并与实验结果对照，得出模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合，证明了所建立的煤粒瓦斯放散数学模型的正确性。模拟分析了西沟二矿煤样在一定压力条件下，煤粒渗流孔中瓦斯压力、吸附孔基质中浓度及煤粒中含量变化规律。分别分析了吸附平衡压力、透气性系数以及孔隙结构对煤粒瓦斯放散量和煤粒瓦斯放散初速度的影响规律，并得到了渗流孔中透气性系数和渗流孔孔容与煤粒瓦斯放散初速度的关系式。 本文的研究对阜康矿区煤层瓦斯含量预测及抽采具有一定的指导意义。

The microstructure characteristics and adsorption-desorption law of coal is one important fundamental research work for prevention and control of coal and gas and the development and utilization of coalbed methane. In view of the problem of the gas radiation law research of low rank coal existing in the research, the pore structure characteristics of gas coal in Fukang mining area, based on previous studies, was analyzed. Through the study of the relevant adsorption desorption experiment of coal sample, the gas adsorption desorption mechanism of of low rank coal in Fukang mining area and the mechanism of differences in desorption with medium and high-rank coal was seeked. Through analyzing the gas emission form in coal particles, the mathematical model of gas emission of coal particles, based on the pore structure characteristics, was proposed. By means of mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption isotherm experiments, the pore distribution characteristics and types of low rank coal in Fukang mining area were researched. The results showed that the opening of macroporous and mesopore are better than keyhole and microporous. The pore of keyhole occupied a fairly large proportion, next came macropore. But the pore of medium and high rank coal contains a lot of the ink bottle type hole, most are microporous. The gas adsorption characteristic was determinated using HCA. Based on correlation analyses of several kinds of adsorption model, the D-A equation was considered to be the best to describe the gas adsorption characteristic of low rank coal in Fukang mining area. The influence of pressure, particle size and pore structure on the gas adsorption characteristics of low coal rank coal was analyzed, And on his basis the mechanism of gas adsorption of low coal rank coal in Fukang mining area was analyzed. The gas desorption law was test based on a coal sample and multi-source integrated experimental table which was independent developed. The results show that the gas desorption cumulative quantity under different adsorption equilibrium pressure would increase with the extension of desorption time which was accord with monotone increasing limited function. The gas radiation attenuation coefficient Kt had nothing to do with the adsorption equilibrium pressure，but the increase of the adsorption equilibrium pressure can promote the initial speed of methane diffusion increased. The initial gas desorption amount has positive correlation with pore volume and specific surface area of each aperture section. The pore volume and specific surface area of macroporous played adecisive role for the initial speed of methane diffusion increased and the initial gas desorption amount. The gas radiated from the coal mainly comes from macroporous and the visible pore which have the big pore size in the early mathematical diffusion. The difference mechanism of desorption law of different metamorphic degree coal sample was researched based on the comparative analysis of the relative desorption rate. According to the different cognitive on the gas radiation mechanism at present stage, the coal gas radiation equation was established based on the oretical basis of fick diffusion and calculated. The result of comparative analysis of the theoretical calculating results and the experimental results showed that it is not accurate to describe the mathematical diffusion way of low rank coal particle gas simply using Fick diffusion. Based on the analysis on the pore fractal feature and aperture distribution characteristics of low coal rank coal in Fukang mining，the pores were divided into seepage hole more than 140nm and adsorption hole less than 140nm according to the aperture size. The gas flows with the percolation manner in seepage hole and diffuses in adsorption hole. Combined with the pore structure characteristics and the different flow form in coal，the physical model of coal particle was put forward and the gas radiation equation based on the pore structure characteristics was built and the initial conditions and boundary conditions were given. The coal particle gas radiation mathematical model was processed with the discrete way with finite difference method. Then the mathematical model was programmed and resolved with VB. The mathematical diffusion law of coal particle under the experimental conditions was simulated. The comparison result showed that the simulation results were consistent with the experimental results and it proved the correctness of the gas radiation mathematical model of coal particle. The gas pressure in seepage hole and the variation of gas concentration in adsorption pores and gas content were simulation analyzed under the condition of a certain pressure of Xigou Er coal mine. The adsorption equilibrium pressure, gas permeability coefficient and the influence law of pore structure on gas radiation amount and gas radiation initial velocity of coal particle were respectively analyzed. Then the gas permeability coefficient in seepage hole and the relation between pore volume and the initial speed of methane diffusion of coal particle were obtained. The research would have certain guiding meaning for coal seam gas content prediction and extraction in Fukang mining area.