我国西南地区广泛赋存倾斜煤层，且煤质较为优质。但随着煤炭资源的逐渐开采，为了提高煤炭回采率，解决井下瓦斯超限等问题，切顶沿空留巷技术在倾斜煤层中得到了广泛的应用。目前关于切顶沿空留巷技术的力学模型构建以及巷旁支护设计的研究主要集中在水平煤层上，而对于倾斜煤层的研究相对较少，针对现有的沿空留巷稳定性分析的力学模型不能很好的适用于倾斜煤层中，以四川龙门峡南煤矿3131工作面运输巷为工程背景，综合采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等研究方法，建立了相应的倾斜煤层切顶沿空留巷基本顶结构力学模型，将沿空切顶巷道划分为超前未切缝区Ⅰ、超前切缝区Ⅱ、留巷动压区Ⅲ、留巷稳压区Ⅳ以及二次采动超前影响区Ⅴ。推导了全服务周期内不同阶段基本顶应力以及挠度表达式，运用数值模拟进一步分析了3131切顶沿空留巷在全服务周期内围岩应力以及塑性区的分布特征及不同阶段下基本顶稳定性；最后针对性地提出沿空留巷巷内＋巷旁补强支护方案。主要研究结论如下：

（1）3131运输巷全服务周期过程中巷道顶底板移近量呈持续增长的变化趋势，巷道矮帮侧顶底板移近量＞中部顶底板移近量＞高帮侧顶底板移近量，一次采动期和留巷期，顶底板移近量出现了明显的陡增。岩石物理实验测得K₁煤层及顶底板岩层均为较软岩层。

（2）工作面切顶沿空留巷全服务周期内围岩应力场超前影响范围：二次采动超前影响区>留巷动压区，侧向应力集中程度：留巷稳压区>二次采动超前影响区>留巷动压区；靠近回采工作面一侧的帮部位置围岩塑性区总是沿煤层倾向向着正在回采工作面一侧发生扩展。

（3）超前未切缝区Ⅰ基本顶岩梁在两端上下部分别出现明显的拉应力与压应力集中，在中部出现明显的切应力集中，上下表面中部分别以压应力与拉应力为主；Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区基本顶岩梁上表面实体煤侧出现明显拉应集中，采空区侧以压应力为主；下表面实体煤侧出现显著的压应力集中，采空区侧以拉应力为主。动压区Ⅲ基本顶岩梁拉压应力集中程度最大。

（4）沿空留巷超前未切缝区基本顶稳定性最高；超前切缝区、留巷动压区、二次采动超前影响区，巷道基本顶最大下沉量靠近高帮侧，且留巷动压区基本顶下沉量最大；留巷稳压区最大下沉量位于高帮侧岩梁5l/12处，基本顶下沉量较留巷稳压区略微增大。

（5）基于倾斜煤层切顶沿空留巷的稳定性分析，研发以石粉水泥浆为原材料的柔模充填混凝土材料新配方，确定沿空留巷巷旁充填体承载状态下的应力状态计算方法及混凝土墙强度验算公式，提出采用巷内锚杆（索）支护配合巷旁柔模混凝土墙充填3131切顶沿空留巷围岩支护方法，围岩变形有效减小了77%。

Inclined coal seams exist widely in southwest China, and the coal quality is relatively high. However, with the gradual mining of coal resources, in order to improve the coal recovery rate and solve the problem of underground gas overlimit, the technology of cutting the top along the gob has been widely used in inclined coal seam. At present, the research on the mechanical model construction of goaf retention technology and the design of roadway side support mainly focus on horizontal coal seam, while the research on inclined coal seam is relatively few. The existing mechanical model for the stability analysis of goaf retention cannot be well applied to inclined coal seam. The engineering background is the transportation lane of 3131 working face of South Longmen Xia Coal Mine in Sichuan Province. Based on the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement, the basic roof structure mechanical model of goaf heading along inclined coal seam is established. Goaf heading is divided into pre-cut zone Ⅰ, pre-cut zone Ⅱ, dynamic pressure zone Ⅲ, stable pressure zone Ⅳ and secondary mining advance influence zone Ⅴ. The expressions of basic roof stress and deflection at different stages in the whole service cycle are derived, and the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock stress and plastic zone and the basic roof stability at different stages are further analyzed by numerical simulation. Finally, the reinforcement support scheme of retaining roadway in and beside the roadway is put forward. The main research contents are as follows:

(1) During the whole service cycle of transportation lane 3131, the top and floor displacement of roadway shows a continuous increasing trend, and the top and floor displacement of roadway at the low side > the middle side > the top and floor displacement of roadway at the high side. During the first mining period and the lane retention period, the top and floor displacement increases sharply. The rock physical experiment shows that K1 coal seam and roof and floor strata are soft strata.

(2) The leading influence range of stress field of surrounding rock during the whole service cycle of goaf retaining roadway is as follows: secondary mining advance influence zone > dynamic pressure zone of retaining roadway; lateral stress concentration is as follows: stable pressure zone of retaining roadway > secondary mining advance influence zone > dynamic pressure zone of retaining roadway; The plastic zone of the surrounding rock near the side of the stoping face always expands along the coal seam tendency towards the side of the stoping face.

(3) There are obvious tensile stress and compressive stress concentration in the upper and lower parts of the two ends of the basic rock top beam, and obvious shear stress concentration in the middle part, and compressive stress and tensile stress are dominant in the middle part of the upper and lower surfaces. In areas Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ, there is obvious tensile stress concentration on the solid coal side of the top surface of the basic rock beam, and the compressive stress is mainly on the side of the goaf. There is a significant compressive stress concentration on the solid coal side of the lower surface, and the tensile stress is the main stress on the goaf side. The tensile and compressive stress concentration of basic rock top beam in dynamic pressure zone Ⅲ is the largest.

(4) The stability of the basic roof is the highest in the advance uncut zone; In advance slit zone, dynamic pressure zone of roadway retention and secondary mining advance influence zone, the maximum subsidence of basic roof of roadway is close to the high wall side, and the maximum subsidence of basic roof in dynamic pressure zone of roadway retention is the largest. The maximum subsidence is located at 5l/12 of the rock beam on the side of the high wall, and the basic roof subsidence is slightly larger than that in the stable pressure zone of the retaining lane.

(5) Based on the stability analysis of goaf retaining roadway with cut top of inclined coal seam, a new formula of flexible mold filling concrete material with stone powder cement slurry as raw material is developed, and the stress state calculation method and the strength checking formula of concrete wall under the bearing state of the side filling body of goaf retaining roadway are determined. In this paper, the rock deformation of the roadway is effectively reduced by 77% by using the anchor (cable) support in the roadway and the flexible mold concrete wall filling with 3131 cutting top along the air.

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