煤炭燃烧是我国二氧化硫污染的主要来源，面对资源与环境的紧迫现状，寻找新型技术来解决燃烧煤炭时的烟气脱硫问题尤为重要。热解焦作为煤热解的产物，因其既可满足环境需求，又能充分使用资源而受到广泛关注。本文选用鄂尔多斯褐煤热解焦为原料，通过对其进行氧化改性、水蒸气活化，并浸渍负载金属氧化物，以高温煅烧制得的改性热解焦负载型催化剂为模型，探讨了改性热解焦对烟气脱硫反应的催化作用及脱硫机理，并分析了不同的改性技术及工艺条件对改性热解焦脱硫性能的影响成因及规律。 本文采用等体积浸渍法，选取不同族系的14种金属氧化物作为活性组分，以褐煤热解焦作为载体制备负载型催化剂，在固定床反应器上研究不同活性组分对其脱硫效果的影响，并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究了催化剂的形貌、孔结构及脱硫规律，结果表明其中同一族系的金属氧化物对脱硫性能表现出的相似性与它们的外层电子结构有关，而过渡金属氧化物对脱硫性能的影响与金属氧化物的半导体类型有关，第Ⅷ族Fe、Co、Ni的氧化物催化剂对脱硫性能表现出的差异性与它们的d特性百分数（%）有关，在一定的d%范围内（39%-40%），催化剂的催化活性较高。 其次，制备褐煤热解焦催化剂并对其进行硝酸改性及水蒸气活化处理，通过脱硫实验筛选出脱硫效果不同的催化剂作为载体，分析不同的工艺条件对催化剂脱硫效果的影响，通过正交分析，影响因素的强弱顺序为：改性溶液的种类> 焙烧时间 > 改性溶液浓度 > 固液比 > 焙烧温度，改性溶液的种类是对脱硫率影响最大的因素。硝酸改性的效果最好，脱硫率维持100%的时间最长，且酸浓度越大其吸收二氧化硫的能力越强；硝酸改性后的热解焦经水蒸气活化后，脱硫性能得到提升，改性-活化热解焦脱硫效果受3个因素影响的顺序为：活化温度>活化剂流量>活化时间，活化后的热解焦微孔比表面积增加，制得的催化剂脱硫性能随之升高。其中，800℃、0.264L/h、1.5h活化条件下的改性热解焦的比表面积、表面活性位含量相应增加，脱硫效果最好；最终通过实验将筛选的活性组分与载体结合，制备负载型催化剂并进行脱硫效果的测试。 经过试验结果的对比，在几组类型催化剂中，硝酸改性-活性负载型催化剂的脱硫效果最好，穿透时间为3min左右，且至脱硫效率为70%时持续6min，对褐煤热解焦进行硝酸改性和水蒸气活化处理后再负载金属所制备的负载型催化剂是制备脱硫催化剂的最优条件。 通过与其他脱硫工艺的比较分析后，将热解焦载体改性并与活性组分结合，在载体与负载金属均性能优良的基础上制备出高效的新型脱硫催化剂，经过分析 认为其对脱除烟气中SO2技术有较好的实际应用前景，是一种环保高效的脱硫方法。

Burning coal is the main source of sulfur dioxide pollution in our country, and facing the urgent status of resources and environment, the new technology to solve the problem of flue gas desulfurization of coal burning is particularly important. Pyrolysis char which is product of coal pyrolysis attracts extensive attention because it can not only meet the demand of environment but also fully use of resources.In this article the pyrolysis tar of ordos Lignite is selected as raw material and has also been modified through the nitric acid oxidation modification, water vapor activation and dipped metallic oxide. The supported catalyst by calcinating precursor at a high temperature is used as the model to discusses the catalytic action of the modified pyrolysis tar and desulfurization mechanism of flue gas desulfurization reaction, and the effect causes and regularity of different modification technology and process conditions on desulfurization performance of modified pyrolysis char are analyzed . Incipient impregnation is taken as immersion method in this paper and 14 kinds of metal oxide are selected as an active component on the carrier of pyrolysis char to prepared the supported catalyst . The the effect of desulfurization effect of different active component on supported catalyst on fixed bed reactor, and the catalyst morphology, pore structure and the desulfurization law are studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,and the results show that the similarity of desulfurization performance of metal oxide in the same group is related to the type of semiconductor, and the differences of characteristics of desulfurization performance of metal oxide of Fe, Co, Ni in the eighth group is associated with their d percentage (%). Secondly pyrolysis tar catalyst is prepared and through the nitric acid oxidation modification and water vapor activation modified .The catalysts of different desulfurization effect through the desulfurization experiment are selected as the carrier and analyzed the effect of different process conditions on the catalyst desulfurization, and order of influence factors is: the types of modified solution > roasting time >modification solution concentration > solid-liquid ratio > roasting temperature. Effect of nitric acid oxidation modification is best, and the time of the desulfurization rate 100% is the longest, and more acid concentration can absorb more sulfur dioxide ;desulfurization performance of the pyrolysis tar after modification is improved,and the order of three factors of desulfurization effect of modified- activation pyrolysis tar is : activation temperature >activator flow > activation time. Eventually active component and carrier through the experiment will filter to prepare supported catalyst and test desulfurization performance . Compared with test results , modified-activation pyrolysis tar has the best desulfurization effect in several groups of type catalyst and penetration time is about 3 min, and the time of desulfurization efficiency 70% is 6 min.The supported catalyst of modified-activation pyrolysis tar is prepared through the optimal condition of preparation. Compared and analysis with other desulfurization process new and efficient desulfurization catalyst is prepared by combination with carrier and active component.The analysis supports this new catalyst has good application prospect to removal SO2 from flue gas and it is a kind of efficient desulfurization method and it is good for environmental protection.