永磁同步电机作为交流伺服系统重要的组成部分，有着输出转矩平滑、效率和可靠性高等优点，已广泛应用于注塑机、工控机器人、数控机床等众多领域。在注塑机行业中应用永磁同步电机的伺服系统会存在电压动态耦合、响应时间和超调量无法兼顾等问题，使得传统液压注塑机能耗高，效率低，响应慢且精度差，从而使电机的电流控制精度降低，动态性能变差，影响了整个系统的控制，因此对永磁同步电机调速系统进行优化在液压式注塑机中有较高的研究价值和广阔的应用前景。 首先，论文以表贴式永磁同步电机为研究对象，介绍了永磁同步电机的基本原理及三种基本结构，进而建立了三种基本数学模型及其转换关系，在此基础上分析了控制方式，以及几种常用的矢量控制策略，通过对比分析选用了以定子电流最优理论的控制策略，并且介绍了空间矢量脉宽调制的方法及其优缺点等。 其次，针对系统中的电压动态耦合和响应时间、超调量无法兼顾的问题，设计了永磁同步电机双闭环控制系统，分别对其电流环和转速环进行优化。由于其存在的电压动态耦合问题，会使轴的电流控制精度下降，而且稳态时的纹波加大，因此在传统电流环PI控制设计上引入偏差解耦模块；由于响应时间和超调量无法兼顾的问题，在转速环采用模糊自适应PID控制，论文中介绍了模糊自适应PID控制，相比于传统PI控制，其特点是控制精度高、鲁棒性强等。通过对系统的电流环和转速环的改进设计，提高了对电流的控制精度，缩短了响应时间的同时减小了超调量，达到了系统要求的控制效果。 最后，为了验证文中所设计方法的正确性和可行性，在Matlab软件上搭建了传统和改进后的转速环和电流环的仿真模型进行仿真分析，对比仿真结果验证其优化效果，整个系统的响应时间和超调量问题都有所改善，电流的控制精度也有所提高，通过搭建硬件测试平台，检测了逆变器输出波形、位置检测信号波形、电流波形等，并且分别在空载和负载下进行实验，优化后的系统基本可以达到注塑机伺服系统的性能指标要求。

As an important part of the AC servo system, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of smooth output torque, high efficiency and high reliability. It has been widely used in injection molding machines, industrial robots, CNC machine tools and many other fields. In the injection molding machine industry, the permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system has the problems of voltage dynamic coupling, response time and overshoot can not be taken into account, which makes the traditional hydraulic injection molding machine high energy consumption, low efficiency, slow response and poor accuracy, so that the motor The current control accuracy is reduced and the dynamic performance is degraded, which affects the control of the entire system. Therefore, optimization of the permanent magnet synchronous motor speed control system has high research value and broad application prospects in the hydraulic injection molding machine. First, the thesis takes the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor as the research object, introduces the basic principle and three basic structures of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and then establishes three basic mathematical models and their conversion relations. Based on this, the control is analyzed. The method, as well as several common vector control strategies, selected the control strategy based on stator current optimal theory through comparison and analysis, and introduced the method of space vector pulse width modulation and its advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, a double-closed-loop control system for permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed to solve the problems of the dynamic coupling of voltage in the system and the response time and overshoot cannot be taken into account. The current loop and the speed loop are respectively optimized. Due to the existence of the voltage dynamic coupling problem, the current control accuracy of the shaft is reduced, and the ripple in the steady state is increased. Therefore, the deviation decoupling module is introduced in the traditional current loop PI control design; due to the response time and overshoot Can not take into account the problem, in the speed of the ring using fuzzy adaptive PID control, the paper describes the fuzzy adaptive PID control, compared to the traditional PI control, its characteristics are high control accuracy, robust and strong. Through the improved design of the current loop and speed loop of the system, the control accuracy of the current is improved, the response time is reduced, the overshoot is reduced, and the control effect required by the system is achieved. Finally, in order to verify the correctness and feasibility of the designed method, a traditional and improved simulation model of speed loop and current loop was built in Matlab software. Simulation results were compared with the simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the entire system. The problem of time and overshoot has been improved, and the current control accuracy has also been improved. By building a hardware test platform, test the inverter output waveform, position detection signal waveform, current waveform and so on, and respectively under no-load and load experiment, the optimized system can meet the requirements of the performance index of injection molding machine servo system.