保护层开采是防治煤与瓦斯突出最主要且高效的手段之一。保护层开采过后，被保 护层顶底板和煤层组成的煤岩组合体结构受采动影响的裂隙发育演化情况决定着被保 护层卸压瓦斯流通的效果。因此，开展煤岩组合体声发射特性及裂隙扩展规律试验研究 对探索被保护层采动裂隙演化机理和卸压瓦斯运移规律具有重要意义。 （1）以山西和顺天池能源有限责任公司矿井煤层地质条件为基础，建立三种不同 类型煤岩组合体模型，并推导出煤岩组合体的相似准则作为理论指导。在此基础上通过 类岩石、型煤材料配比先导试验，得到不同配比类岩石、型煤材料的物理力学特性参数。 最终按照原型基础参数要求挑选合适的配比，制作不同类型的煤岩组合体试件。 （2）利用DYD-10 万能试验机、声发射系统、双高清摄像系统开展不同类型煤岩 组合体单轴压缩力学特性、声发射特性及裂隙演化规律试验，得到不同类型煤岩组合体 全应力-应变曲线及最终破坏形态，分析探讨三种组合形式对煤岩组合体的抗压强度、弹 性模量、纵波波速等力学特征参数的影响，得到不同类型煤岩组合体的力学变化特性。 （3）针对试验结果重点分析了不同类型煤岩组合体单轴应力状态下的声发射特征， 选取声发射振铃计数、累计振铃计数、能量、累计能量、幅值五个声发射特征参数进行 重点讨论，分析单轴压缩过程中应力、裂隙发育状态及声发射特征参数之间的联系，揭 示三种不同类型煤岩组合体的声发射变化特征。 （4）针对试验结果，得到不同类型煤岩组合体全应力-应变曲线及裂隙扩展过程， 并对三种类型煤岩组合体主裂隙特征参数：主裂隙扩展时间、主裂隙长度、主裂隙平均 扩展速率进行分析探讨，最终揭示不同类型煤岩组合体的裂隙扩展规律。 通过以上研究，采用物理相似模拟方法实现了煤岩组合体的标准化制作，在此基础 上获得了三种不同类型煤岩组合体的单轴压缩力学、声发射特性及裂隙扩展规律，为保护层开采机理研究奠定了一定基础。

Protective layer mining is one of the most important and efficient means to prevent and control coal and gas outburst. After the mining of protective layer, the effect of pressure relief gas flow in protective layer is determined by the development and evolution of fractures in the coal-rock mass structure composed of roof and floor of protective layer and coal layer affected by mining. Therefore, it has great significance to study the fracture evolution law of coal-rock mass and the gas unloading migration law by carrying out the experiment of Acoustic Emission characteristics and fracture propagation for coal and rock combination. (1) Based on the geological conditions of the coal seam of Shanxi Heshun Tianchi energy resources co., LTD., three different types of coal-rock complex models were extracted, and the similarity criteria of coal-rock complex were deduced as the theoretical guidance. On this basis, the physical and mechanical properties of rock-like and briquette materials with different proportions were obtained through pilot tests. Finally, different types of coal and rock combination has been developed according to the basic parameters of the prototype. (2) Uniaxial compression mechanical properties, acoustic emission characteristics and fracture evolution experiments has been carried out by DYD-10 universal testing machine, the acoustic emission system, the twin clear camera system, and full stress-strain curve and the final failure pattern of coal and rock combination have been obtained. Mechanical change characteristics of different coal and rock combination have been obtained by analyzing mechanical characteristic parameter of 3 kinds of coal-rock combination, such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, longitudinal wave velocity. (3) Acoustic emission characteristics has been mainly analyzed for different coal-rock combination under uniaxial stress state based on the results. Five acoustic emission characteristic parameters (transmit ring count, accumulated ring count, energy, accumulated energy, amplitude) have been selected to analyze the relation between stress, fracture development and acoustic emission characteristics under uniaxial compression process and the crack propagation laws of different types of coal-rock combination have been revealed. (4) Full stress-strain curve and crack expansion process of different types of coal-rock combination have been obtained based on the results. Fracture expansion law of different types of coal-rock combination have been revealed by analyzing main fracture characteristic parameters: main fracture extension time, main fracture length, main fracture average expansion rate for 3 kinds of coal and rock combination. Based on the above research, physical simulation method was achieved to prepared coalrock combination samples by the standardized production processing. Uniaxial compression mechanical properties, acoustic emission characteristics and crack propagation rules of three kind of coal-rock combination were obtained on this basis, which laid a certain foundation for the study of protective layer.