庭院式古建筑群作为中国建筑史的重要组成部分，具有其独特的价值。庭院式古建筑群与单体古建筑相比而言具有建筑形式多样、平面整体布局复杂、人员流动量大的特点，由于其廊道相接，建筑相连，一旦起火，极易形成“火烧连营”的局面，不利于建筑群落的自身安全及人员疏散。因此无论从历史文化传承还是从人身安全等方面考虑，针对庭院式古建筑群的消防安全研究都具有很深的现实意义。

以某庭院式古建筑群为研究对象，通过实地调研、文献查阅及现场测量等手段，系统分析了庭院式古建筑群的火灾危险性，测算统计了馆内古建筑群的建筑、材料信息和火灾荷载。采集该古建筑群的木材修缮余料，对其进行木质分析，利用锥形量热仪开展燃烧试验，掌握了木材燃烧过程根据燃烧特性可划分为升温热解、着火、过渡、剧烈燃烧和熄灭五个阶段，确定了含水率、辐射热流强度对木材燃烧特性的影响。

基于火灾动力学理论基础，结合火灾荷载与木材燃烧特征参数，建立了庭院式古建筑群仿真模型，应用火灾动力学模拟软件研究了火源位置和通风条件对其火灾烟气蔓延的影响，掌握了火灾烟气蔓延及温度场、浓度场和速度场变化规律。火灾烟气蔓延规律为：火源附近→壁面纵向蔓延→屋顶横向蔓延→垂直沉降→沿屋檐及走廊蔓延→建筑群起火。火灾发生时，各工况下的高温气流以着火房间及中庭部位为主，因此中庭不宜作为暂时避难场所；基于现场调查、视频拍摄等手段，建立行人特征模型，结合火灾模拟结果，构建庭院式古建筑群人员疏散仿真模型，应用人员疏散模拟软件研究行人数量、疏散指引措施对庭院式古建筑群人员疏散运动规律的影响，疏散过程中，必需安全疏散时间与行人数量呈正相关，设置疏散指引措施能够减少人员反应时间，使行人必需安全疏散时间缩短，促进疏散进程，提高建筑群的疏散能力。

本文以某庭院式古建筑群为研究对象，揭示了庭院式古建筑群的火灾发展蔓延机理，掌握了庭院式古建筑群在紧急情况下的人员疏散运动规律，提出了庭院式古建筑群的火灾防控和人员疏散对策建议。研究结果可为该庭院式古建筑群的火灾预测、防火控制与保护、人员疏散逃生路径设计及疏散方案的优化提供科学有效的理论依据。

Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings, as an essential part lor='red'>of Chinese architectural history, has its unique status and value. Compared with Single Ancient Buildings, Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings have more architectural styles, sophisticated layouts and large floating population. Based on the above characteristics, there combined with the connection lor='red'>of many corridors between buildings, if a fire broke out in one lor='red'>of these buildings, the whole Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings would be wiped out in a day. Therefore, the research on fire safety lor='red'>of the Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings has deep-practical significance, whether it’s the perspective lor='red'>of historical and cultural inheritance or personal safety.

This paper systematically analyzes the fire risk lor='red'>of Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings by means lor='red'>of spot field investigation and sampling, literature review, which specifically calculates and statistics the building, material information and fire load lor='red'>of Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings. First, the wood which is the same as the raw material lor='red'>of the ancient buildings groups is analyzed to get its performance data, and its combustion characteristic is used a cone calorimeter to grasp. So, some experimental results are obtained that combustion process can be divided into: warming pyrolysis, ignition, transition, intense combustion and extinction, and the effects lor='red'>of moisture content and radiation heat flow intensity on the wood were determined.

Based on the theoretical basis lor='red'>of fire dynamics, combined with fire load and wood combustion characteristics parameters, a simulation model lor='red'>of courtyard-type ancient buildings was established, and the fire dynamics simulation slor='red'>oftware was applied to study the impact lor='red'>of fire source location and ventilation conditions on the spread lor='red'>of its fire smoke, and to grasp the fire smoke spread and temperature field, concentration field and velocity field change law. The fire smoke spread law is as follows: near the fire source → wall vertical spread → rolor='red'>of horizontal spread → vertical settlement → spread along the eaves and corridors → building group fire. When the fire occurs, the high temperature airflow under each condition is mainly in the room on fire and the atrium part, so the atrium is not suitable as a temporary refuge; based on site investigation, video shooting and other means, establish pedestrian characteristics model, combined with the results lor='red'>of fire simulation, build a simulation model lor='red'>of evacuation lor='red'>of people in the courtyard type ancient building group, the application lor='red'>of personnel evacuation simulation slor='red'>oftware to study the number lor='red'>of pedestrians, evacuation guidance measures on the evacuation lor='red'>of people in the courtyard type ancient building group In the evacuation process, the necessary safe evacuation time is positively correlated with the number lor='red'>of pedestrians, and the setting lor='red'>of evacuation guidance measures can reduce the response time lor='red'>of personnel, shorten the necessary safe evacuation time lor='red'>of pedestrians, promote the evacuation process, and improve the evacuation capacity lor='red'>of the building complex.

The Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings is concerned in this paper as the research object. This paper reveals the fire development and spread mechanism lor='red'>of Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings, and grasps the evacuation movement law lor='red'>of it in emergency, then puts forward the fire prevention and control and evacuation countermeasures which is made available for the Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings. The research results can provide a scientific and effective theoretical basis for the fire prediction, fire control and protection, evacuation path design and evacuation plan optimization lor='red'>of the Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings.

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