有机电子元件自发明以来便一直引导和促进人类社会信息文明的进步，与无机电子元件相比，有机电子元件的开发成本低、制备工艺简单、能够很好的应用于商业化生产。在众多成熟的有机电子元件中，具备独特的光学和电学性能的有机半导体材料在制备有机电子元件时具有良好的发展前景，其中稠环芳烃化合物因其平面性好，刚性强、结构易修饰等特点受到研究者的认可和青睐。因此本文选择几种典型的稠环芳烃基团作为共轭骨架的主要构筑单元，通过共轭延伸和引入非共价键构建构象锁的策略来改善分子的平面性和薄膜堆积从而增强电荷传输性能。具体内容如下：

（1）以苯并噻二唑（BT）为中心核构筑单元，通过共轭延伸和引入非共价键构建构象锁的方法设计并合成了两个稠环化合物Y6-TH和Y6-TF，并系统的研究了化合物的几何构型、光谱吸收、电化学能级、薄膜堆积以及电性能。研究结果表明：两个稠环化合物均具有良好的结晶性能和相对平衡的空穴和电子传输性能。相对于Y6-TH，由于Y6-TF在共轭骨架中存在F-S之间的非共价键相互作用将会诱导分子骨架呈现更平面的结构，因此基于Y6-TF制备的有机场效应晶体管（OFET）表现出较高的电子迁移率。

（2）以刚性平面的共轭环萘二酰亚胺（NDI）为共轭骨架的主要构筑单元，通过引入乙二醇侧链（OEG）设计并合成了两个稠环化合物N2200-HD和NTO，并对其结构和性能进行了表征。研究表明：引入乙二醇类极性烷氧链后会对分子的几何构型、能级、紫外吸收和薄膜堆积产生很大的影响。相比于N2200-HD，含有富电子烷氧基侧链的NTO化合物具有更宽的光谱吸收、更强的分子聚集行为以及更有序的薄膜堆积性能。

（3）以大的平面π-共轭环卟啉（Por）为共轭骨架的主要构筑单元，通过共轭延伸策略设计并合成了一种窄带隙卟啉基稠环化合物ZnPor-Cl，并对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：在卟啉单元侧翼引入刚性苯基稠环单元（NDP）不仅能够显著的拓宽化合物的光谱吸收范围实现独特的光性能，而且能够增大分子的π-共轭体系、增强分子间π-π堆积进而有利于电荷离域和传输。

Since its invention, organic electronic components have been guiding and promoting the progress of information civilization in human society. Compared with inorganic electronic components, the development cost of organic electronic components is low, the preparation process is simple, and they can be well applied in commercial production. Among numerous mature organic electronic components, organic semiconductor materials with unique optical and electrical properties have good development prospects in the preparation of organic electronic components. Among them, polycyclic aromatic compounds are recognized and favored by researchers due to their good planarity, rigidity, and easy structural modification. Therefore, in this paper, several typical polycyclic aromatic groups are selected as the main building blocks of the conjugated backbone, and the strategy of conjugation extension and the introduction of non-covalent bond to build conformation locks is used to improve the planarity of molecules and film stacking to enhance charge transport performance. The specific content is as follows:

(1) Two fused ring compounds Y6-TH and Y6-TF were designed and synthesized by using benzothiadiazole (BT) as the central nuclear building unit, through the method of conjugation extension and the introduction of non-covalent bond to build a conformation lock. The geometric configuration, spectral absorption, electrochemical energy level, thin film stacking and electrical properties of the compounds were systematically studied. The research results indicate that both fused ring compounds have good crystallization performance and relatively balanced hole and electron transport properties. Compared with Y6-TH, Y6-TF has a non-covalent bond interaction between F-S in the conjugate backbone, which will induce the molecular backbone to present a more planar structure. Therefore, Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) prepared based on Y6-TF shows a higher Electron mobility.

(2) Two fused ring compounds N2200-HD and NTO were designed and synthesized by introducing ethylene glycol side chain (OEG) with rigid planar conjugated 2,6-dibromonaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) as the main building unit of the conjugated backbone, and their structures and properties were characterized. Research has shown that the polar alkoxy chains of ethylene glycol have a significant impact on the molecular geometry, energy levels, UV absorption, and film stacking. Compared to N2200-HD, NTO compounds containing electron rich alkoxy side chains exhibit wider spectral absorption, stronger molecular aggregation behavior, and more ordered thin film stacking performance.

(3) A narrow bandgap porphyrin based fused ring compound ZnPor-Cl was designed and synthesized using a conjugation extension strategy using a large planar π-conjugated cyclic porphyrin (Por) as the main building unit of the conjugated backbone, and its structure and properties were characterized. The results show that the introduction of rigid phenyl fused ring unit (NDP) on the side of porphyrin unit can not only significantly broaden the spectral absorption range of compounds to achieve unique optical properties, but also can increase the π-conjugated system of molecules, enhance the π-π stacking between molecules and thus facilitate charge delocalization and transmission.