具有高比强度和轻量化特性的铝锂合金已经成为现代航空航天装备的核心材料，被广泛应用于飞机蒙皮等关键材料。然而由于锂元素的存在，铝锂合金极易在潮湿大气等环境中产生点蚀、晶间腐蚀及应力腐蚀开裂。这会导致合金的结构性能退化并且引发安全隐患，极大地限制了其工业应用范围。所以开发高效耐久的表面防护技术成为提升铝锂合金可靠性的关键。

本论文分别采用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷（PFDTES）与硬脂酸（STA）两种低表面能改性剂对二氧化钛纳米颗粒进行表面修饰，通过聚氨酯黏结剂制备超疏水涂层以提升2198铝锂合金的耐腐蚀性能。通过调整二氧化钛纳米颗粒的配比，探讨涂层接触角随颗粒含量的变化规律。结果显示，当TiO₂添加量为0.1 g时，复合涂层展现出最佳疏水性能（命名为PFDTES@TiO₂-PU），其静态接触角达到160 ± 0.83°，滚动角低至5.95 ± 0.59°。采用STA改性剂制备了STA@TiO₂疏水性颗粒，通过两步喷涂工艺形成的复合涂层（STA@TiO₂/PU）同样展现出优异的超疏水特性，其接触角为161.3 ± 0.8°，滚动角进一步降低至3.1 ± 0.7°。为揭示涂层微观结构与性能关联，采用SEM、EDS、XPS及激光共聚焦显微镜对涂层形貌与化学组成进行了系统表征。

通过电化学测试与3.5wt% NaCl溶液浸泡实验相结合的方法，研究了PFDTES@TiO₂-PU和STA@TiO₂/PU涂层的耐腐蚀性能。实验数据显示，相较于未处理的合金基体，两种超疏水涂层均表现出显著增强的低频阻抗模量，表明其具备优异的电荷传输阻隔特性。同时，涂层显著降低了腐蚀电流密度，并且自腐蚀电位正移，表明涂层耐腐蚀性能显著增强。此外通过3.5wt% NaCl溶液浸泡试验，分析了铝锂合金在腐蚀环境中的腐蚀行为及腐蚀产物，进一步验证了超疏水涂层对基体的良好保护作用。最后揭示了超疏水涂层的耐腐蚀机制。

对制备的两种超疏水涂层进行综合性性能测试。负载50 g的涂层试样在砂纸上摩擦400 cm后其表面的接触角仍大于150°，同时滚动角仍小于10°，表明其具有良好的结构稳定性能。PFDTES@TiO₂-PU和STA@TiO₂/PU涂层对不同的材料均具有普遍适用性，将涂料喷涂在泡沫、塑料、滤纸、载玻片、铝箔和木材六种工程常见材料表面并测试其润湿性，结果表明六种材料在喷涂制备的超疏水涂层后其表面水接触角均大于150°，均具有良好的疏水性能。接着使用模型小船对制备的涂层进行减阻性能测试，相比较于未喷涂超疏水涂层的小船，喷涂PFDTES@TiO₂-PU和STA@TiO₂/PU涂层的小船平均航行速度显著提升，证明制备的超疏水涂层能显著减小水体阻力。在-5℃条件下记录合金基体和两种超疏水涂层表面水滴的结冰过程及结冰时间，结果表明超疏水涂层延缓结冰效果良好，并分析超疏水涂层延缓结冰机理。

Aluminum-lithium alloys with high specific strength and lightweight characteristics have become the core materials of modern aerospace equipment and are widely used in key materials such as aircraft skins. However, due to the presence of lithium, aluminum-lithium alloys are very susceptible to pitting, intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in environments such as humid atmospheres. This will lead to the degradation of the structural properties of the alloy and cause safety hazards, greatly limiting its industrial application range. Therefore, the development of efficient and durable surface protection technology has become the key to improving the reliability of aluminum-lithium alloys.

In this paper, two low surface energy modifiers, stearic acid (STA) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) were used to modify the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and a superhydrophobic coating was prepared using a polyurethane binder to improve the corrosion resistance of 2198 aluminum-lithium alloy. The experiment adjusted the ratio of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to explore the change of the coating contact angle with the particle content. The results showed that when the TiO₂ addition amount was 0.1 g, the composite coating showed the best hydrophobic performance (named PFDTES@TiO₂-PU), with a static contact angle of 160 ± 0.83° and a rolling angle as low as 5.95 ± 0.59°. STA@TiO₂ hydrophobic particles were prepared using STA modifier. The composite coating (STA@TiO₂/PU) formed by a two-step spraying process also exhibited excellent superhydrophobic properties, with a contact angle of 161.3 ± 0.8° and a further reduction of the rolling angle to 3.1 ± 0.7°. In order to reveal the correlation between the microstructure and performance of the coating, the morphology and chemical composition of the coating were systematically characterized using SEM, EDS, XPS and laser confocal microscopy.

The corrosion resistance of PFDTES@TiO₂-PU and STA@TiO₂/PU coatings was systematically evaluated by combining electrochemical testing with 3.5wt% NaCl solution immersion experiments. Experimental data showed that compared with the untreated alloy substrate, both super-hydrophobic coatings exhibited significantly enhanced low-frequency impedance moduli, indicating that they have excellent charge transfer barrier properties. At the same time, the coating significantly reduced the corrosion current density and shifted the self-corrosion potential positively, further verifying its effective anti-corrosion ability. In addition, the corrosion behavior and corrosion products of aluminum-lithium alloy in a corrosive environment were analyzed through a 3.5wt% NaCl solution immersion test, further verifying the good protective effect of the super-hydrophobic coating on the substrate. Finally, the corrosion resistance mechanism of the super-hydrophobic coating was revealed.

A series of comprehensive performance tests were performed on the two prepared superhydrophobic coatings. After the coating sample with a load of 50 g was rubbed on sandpaper for 400 cm, the contact angle of its surface was still greater than 150°, and the rolling angle was still less than 10°, indicating that it has good mechanical stability. PFDTES@TiO₂-PU and STA@TiO₂/PU coatings are universally applicable to different materials. The coatings were sprayed on the surfaces of six common engineering materials, including foam, plastic, filter paper, glass slide, aluminum foil and wood, and their wettability was tested. The results showed that the surface water contact angles of the six materials after spraying the prepared superhydrophobic coating were all greater than 150°, and all had good hydrophobic properties. Then, a model boat was used to test the drag reduction performance of the prepared coating. Compared with the boat without super-hydrophobic coating, the average sailing speed of the boat sprayed with PFDTES@TiO₂-PU and STA@TiO₂/PU coatings was significantly improved, proving that the prepared super-hydrophobic coating can significantly reduce water resistance. The freezing process and freezing time of water droplets on the alloy substrate and the two super-hydrophobic coatings were recorded under -5°C conditions, and the mechanism of super-hydrophobic coatings in delaying freezing was analyzed.

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