在矿井建设中，近年来越来越多立井井筒都遇到了深厚冲积层且有较深的软岩层，富水的软岩层，强度低，岩层不稳定，通过冻结方式形成冻结壁可以有效地提高富水软岩的强度和稳定性。所以，开展人工冻结岩石的实验研究、探讨冻结岩石的物理力学特性具有重要的理论研究价值和工程实际意义。 本文以陕西彬长矿区胡家河煤矿立井冻结工程为背景，在课题组研究过的同一工程背景和相同试验条件下砂岩和煤岩的基础上，从现场取样砂质泥岩，考虑现场冻结的温度范围，系统地进行不同温度梯度状态下的单轴压缩试验。研究砂质泥岩在不同冻结温度梯度状态下的强度和变形特性的变化规律；不同岩性，在同一冻结温度状态下的强度和变形特性的差异性，并对低温条件下岩石的宏观破坏方式及弹性模量进行研究。根据砂质泥岩所处的实际地层深度确定不同围压条件，进行三轴压缩试验，从相同温度不同围压条件下及相同围压不同温度条件下冻结岩石的强度及变形特征方面入手，对砂质泥岩和砂岩、煤岩进行比较，并与单轴条件下的相关力学特性进行比较分析。在此基础上进一步比较砂质泥岩和砂岩、煤岩的轴向应变、弹性模量、泊松比、峰值强度、残余强度、粘聚力和内摩擦角在不同围压和温度条件下的大小和变化规律。从岩石强度统计特性入手，引入岩石应力~应变曲线特征参量，并考虑岩石应力~应变曲线的极值条件，从而建立岩石弹塑性损伤统计本构模型。

In recent years, more and more vertical shafts have subjected to deep alluviums and deep soft rocks layers, water-rich soft rock layers, low strength, the rocks were unstable. In order to improve the strength and ensure surrounding rock stability, freezing construction is proposed. So it is of theoretical research value and practical significance to carry out the tests of the artificial freezing soft rock and to study its physical-mechanical characteristics. In this paper, with the background of shaft freezing project in Hujiahe coal mine in Shanxi Bingchang mining area, under the basis of sandstone and coal-rock which were studied by the studying team of the same engineering background and the same test conditions, sandy mudstone were obtained from the engineering site, the uniaxial compression tests were conducted systematically at different frozen temperatures considering the frozen temperature range of the site. The strength and deformation characteristics of sandy mudstone under different frozen temperatures, the different strength and deformation characteristics of different stones under the same frozen temperatures, the damage characteristics and the elastic modulus under frozen temperatures were analyzed. Triaxial compression tests were conducted according to the sandy mudstone’s actual formation depth, from the same temperatures under the condition of different confining pressures and the same confining pressure under the conditions of different temperatures to the strength and deformation characteristics of sandy mudstone and sandstone, coal-rock were comparatively analyzed and compared with the uniaxial compression tests. Based on this analysis, we have studied the size and the change rule of sandy mudstone and sandstone, coal-rock in the maximum value of axial strains, the elasticity coefficient, the Poisson ratio, the limit of compressive strength, the residual strength, the cohesive force and friction angle under the different confining pressure and temperature conditions. From the statistical characteristics of rock strength, the rock elastoplastic damage constitutive model was established with the introducing of rock stress~strain curve characteristic parameters and the considering of rock stress~strain curve extreme conditions.