分子自组装和分子识别作为超分子化学的主要研究内容，近年来受到研究者的广泛关注。阴离子对人类生活的重要作用，促使了阴离子配位化学的发展，而配位的过程是主客体通过弱相互作用力进行结合的过程，因此设计出良好的阴离子选择性受体具有重要意义。本文论述了四苯基甲烷衍生多脲受体的合成、表征及阴离子识别研究。主要工作如下：

（1）合成并表征四苯基甲烷衍生多脲受体。以四(4-氨基苯基)甲烷和4-硝基苯基异氰酸酯为原料，合成了四苯基甲烷衍生四脲受体L¹；以四(4-氨基苯基)甲烷和2-硝基苯基异氰酸酯为原料，反应得到中间产物A，将A进行还原得到中间产物B，然后B和4-硝基苯基异氰酸酯反应得到四苯基甲烷衍生八脲受体L²；中间产物B和4-氰基苯基异氰酸酯反应得到四苯基甲烷衍生八脲受体L³。通过熔点测试、元素分析、红外光谱和核磁进行表征，结果一致表明，得到所设计的目标产物。

（2）研究四苯基甲烷衍生四脲受体与阴离子的相互作用。受体L¹与四丁基氯化铵和四丁基溴化铵分别在丙酮和二氯甲烷中进行常温反应，正己烷缓慢扩散其中得到配合物1和配合物2的单晶。通过X-射线单晶衍射、核磁、紫外可见吸收光谱研究了受体L¹与氯离子和溴离子的相互作用，X-射线单晶衍射分析表明，受体L¹与氯离子和溴离子的结合比分别为1:1和1:2；核磁氢谱和紫外可见吸收光谱表明，受体L¹与氯离子的结合比为1:1，紫外可见吸收光谱表明，受体L¹与溴离子的结合比为1:1。进一步通过紫外可见吸收光谱研究了受体L^l对10种不同阴离子的识别响应，结果表明，受体L^l可以选择性识别SO₄^2-；通过核磁氢谱和紫外可见吸收光谱对受体L^l与SO₄^2-作用的溶液性质进行研究，结果表明，受体L^l与SO₄^2-的结合比为1:1，结合常数为2.4×10⁴ M^-1。

（3）研究四苯基甲烷衍生八脲受体与阴离子的相互作用。受体L²与18-冠醚-6和硫酸钾在丙酮和DMF体系中进行常温反应，正己烷缓慢扩散其中得到配合物3的单晶；通过X-射线单晶衍射和红外光谱研究了受体L²与硫酸根阴离子作用的固态性质，证明配合物3的初步形成及发现配合物3的晶体结构中主要含有1个受体L²和2个SO₄^2-及4个[K([18]-crown-6)]⁺；通过核磁氢谱和紫外可见吸收光谱研究了受体L²和L³与硫酸根离子作用的溶液性质，结果表明，受体L²和L³与硫酸根阴离子的结合比都为1:2，通过紫外滴定由希尔方程求得受体L²和L³与硫酸根离子的结合常数分别为6.1×10⁴ M^-1和5.4×10⁴ M^-1；通过紫外可见吸收光谱研究了受体L²和L³对10种不同阴离子的识别响应，表明受体L²和L³均可以很好地识别硫酸根离子。

（4）研究水分子与硫酸根阴离子的相互作用。为了理解水分子对受体与硫酸根阴离子作用的影响，碱性条件下，FeSO₄·7H₂O的水溶液缓慢挥发得到配合物[Fe_0.5(H₂O)₃]₂SO₄·H₂O的单晶；通过X-射线单晶衍射研究了硫酸根离子与水分子的相互作用，结果表明，硫酸根离子与水分子间通过12条氢键进行作用。

Molecular self-assembly and recognition, as the main research contents of supramolecular chemistry, have attracted wide attention in recent years. The important role of anions in human life promotes the developmment of anion coordination chemistry, and the coordination process is the binding process of host and guest through weak interaction force, so it is of great significance to design a good anion selective receptor. The synthesis, characterization and anion recognition of tetraphenyl methane-derived polyurea receptors are discussed. The main tasks were as follows:

(1) Synthesis and characterization of tetraphenyl methane-derived polyurea receptors. Tetraphenyl methane-derived tetraurea receptor L¹ was synthesized from tetra(4-aminophenyl)methane and 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate. Intermediate product A was synthesized from tetra(4-aminophenyl)methane and 2-nitrophenyl isocyanate and compound A was reducted to intermediate product B. Tetraphenyl methane-derived octaurea receptors L² and L³ were synthesized from compound B and 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate, 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate respectively. The receptor L¹-L³ , compund A and B were characterized by melting point, IR and NMR. Various characterization results show that the target product was obtained. 

(2) Study on the interaction of tetraphenyl methane-derived tetraurea receptor with anions. The receptor L¹ was reacted with chloride and bromide in acetone and dichloromethane at room temperature respectively, and then the n-hexane was slowly diffused to obtain the single crystal of complex 1 and 2. The binding properties of receptor L¹ with chloride and bromide were studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction, NMR and UV-vis. The X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis shows that the binding ratios of receptor L¹ with chloride and bromide are 1:1 and 1:2 respectively. The ¹H NMR and UV-vis show that the binding ratio of receptor L¹ with chloride is 1:1. The UV-vis shows that binding ratio of  receptor L¹ with bromide is 1:1. Further the recognition response of receptor L^l with ten different anions was studied by UV-vis and showed that the receptor L^l can selectively identify SO₄^2-. The solution properties of receptor L^l with SO₄^2- were studied by ¹H NMR and UV-vis, showing that the binding ratio of receptor L^l with SO₄^2- is 1:1 and the binding constant is 2.4×10⁴ M^-1.

(3) Study on the interaction of tetraphenyl methane-derived octaurea receptors with anions. The receptor L² was reacted with 18-Crown-6 and potassium sulfate in acetone and DMF at room temperature, and then the n-hexane was slowly diffused to obtain the single crystal of complex 3. The solid properties of the receptor L² with the sulfate anion interaction were studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction and IR. Proving the initial formation of complex 3 and finding that the crystal structure of complex 3 contains mainly one receptor L², two sulfate anions and four [K([18]-crown-6)] cations. The solution properties of receptors L² and L³ with sulfate anion interaction were studied by ¹H NMR and UV-vis. The analysis show that the binding ratios of L² and L³ with sulfate anion are 1:2. The binding constants of receptor L² and L³ with sulfate are 6.1×10⁴ M^-1 and 5.4×10⁴ M^-1 obtained from Hill equation by UV-vis respectively. The recognition response of the receptor L² and L³ with ten different anions was studied by UV-vis and showed that the receptor L² and L³ can selectively identify SO₄^2-.

(4) Study on the interaction of water molecules with sulfate anion. To understand the effects of water molecules on the action of the receptor with sulfate anion, [Fe_0.5(H₂O)₃]₂SO₄·H₂O is obtained by slow volatilization of the aqueous solution of FeSO₄·7H₂O under alkaline condition. The interaction between sulfate and water molecule was studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The result shows that twelve hydrogen bonds are formed between sulfate and water molecule. 

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