随着电网建设的不断发展，分布式电源在配电系统中的应用日益广泛。但分布式电源（Distributed Generator, DG）的并入会引起配电网潮流双向变化，从而使传统的配电网故障选线和故障区段定位方法精度降低甚至失效。所以需要对分布式电源并入配电网后，配电系统中的故障选线与区段定位方法进行进一步研究，保证含分布式电源配电网的运行安全。

从理论上分析了逆变型分布式电源（Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generator, IIDG）的控制原理及故障特征，在PSCAD软件上搭建了含逆变型分布式电源的中压配电系统模型，并对其合理性进行了仿真验证。针对现有的含IIDG配电网故障选线方法无法在各种故障类型下准确选线的问题，通过引入组合模量电流变换以消除在不同故障类型下故障特征失效的情况，然后将各线路组合模量电流进行S变换，通过故障信号最大幅值处的短窗数据求取各条出线的能量熵，最后比较熵值的大小来判断故障线路。

在故障选线的基础上进一步研究故障区段定位，针对利用电气量的传统故障定位方法在IIDG并网后失效的情况，通过理论分析得知故障区段首末端组合模量电流波形差异明显大于非故障区段，然后利用这一特征进行故障区段的定位，从而提出一种基于组合模量S变换相对熵的有源配电网故障区段定位方法。在PSCAD上搭建含IIDG配电网的区段定位模型进行仿真验证，结果表明该方法在各种故障类型下均能准确地选出故障区段，且具有一定的抗噪能力，并对IIDG输出功率的波动具有良好的包容性。

针对利用人工智能算法的故障定位方法存在定位精度低、容错性差的情况，提出了一种基于改进麻雀搜索算法的配电网故障区段定位方法。通过改进发现者的搜索策略和预警者的移动规则来提高配电网故障定位算法定位精度。最后建立含分布式电源的有源配电网仿真模型，进行配电网故障定位模拟实验，验证了麻雀搜索算法在含IIDG配电网故障区段定位中的可行性。算例仿真结果表明，所提方法能适应IIDG在配电网中的投切，且搜索速度快、容错性强、精度高，具有较强的实用性。

With the development of power grid construction, distributed power supply is widely used in distribution system. However, the integration of Distributed Generator (DG) will cause bidirectional change of power flow in distribution network, which will reduce the accuracy of traditional fault line selection and fault segment location methods and even fail. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the method of fault line selection and segment location in distribution system after the integration of distributed power supply into distribution network to ensure the operation safety of distribution network with distributed power supply.

The control principle and fault characteristics of Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generator (IIDG) are analyzed theoretically. The model of medium voltage distribution system with inverter distributed power supply is built on PSCAD software, and its rationality is verified by simulation. Aiming at the problem that the existing fault line selection methods for distribution networks with IIDG cannot accurately select lines under various fault types, the combined modulus current transformation is introduced to eliminate the failure of fault characteristics under different fault types. The combined modulus traveling wave current of each line is S-transformed, and the energy entropy of each outgoing line is calculated by the short window data at the maximum value of the fault signal. Finally, the entropy value is compared to judge the fault line.

On the basis of fault line selection, fault segment location is further studied. Aiming at the situation that the traditional fault location method using electrical quantities fails after the IIDG is connected to the grid, the theoretical analysis shows that the difference of the combined modulus current waveform at the head and end of the fault section is significantly larger than that of the non-fault section. Then, a fault location method of active distribution network based on combined modulus S-transform relative entropy is proposed. A segment location model with IIDG distribution network is built on PSCAD for simulation verification. The results show that the method can accurately select the fault segment under various fault types, and has a certain anti-noise ability, and has a good tolerance to the fluctuation of IIDG output power.

Aiming at the situation that the fault location method using artificial intelligence algorithm has low location accuracy and poor fault tolerance, a fault location method of distribution network based on improved sparrow search algorithm is proposed. The accuracy of distribution network fault location algorithm is improved by improving finder's search strategy and forewarning's movement rule. Finally, the simulation model of active distribution network with distributed power supply is established, and the simulation experiment of fault location of distribution network is carried out, and the feasibility of sparrow search algorithm in fault location of distribution network with IIDG is verified. The simulation results show that the proposed method can adapt to IIDG switching in distribution network, and has high search speed, strong fault tolerance, high precision, and strong practicability.

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