小波分析是在Fourier分析的基础上发展起来的，作为时-频分析方法，小波分析比Fourier分析有着许多本质性的进步。小波分析提供了一种自适应的时域和频域同时局部化的分析方法，无论分析低频或高频局部信号，它都能自动调节时-频窗，以适应实际分析的需要，被喻为时-频分析的显微镜。随着工业的发展管道运输得到了迅猛的发展，但伴随着管线的增多，管龄的增长，管道发生破损事故屡见不鲜。国内外对管道损伤检测有较长时间的研究，小波理论也被广泛的应用到损伤检测这一领域中来。 本文应用小波分析对管道损伤所产生的应力波进行分析，从而判断出管道损伤的位置。再对管道中的响应信号进行小波包分解得到各频段能量的特征向量，作为判断损伤程度的依据，这一方法目前仅在梁中有所应用，在管道中尚未有提出并加以应用的。但是，不同小波基的选取对信号去噪效果不同，本文通过对输油管道损伤检测的实验，分别对比了三种小波基不同的去噪效果，从而得出在这一实验中的最佳小波基。并且在实验中分别对比了三种不同分层数的信号，从而得出在这一实验中最优分解层数。最后，本文根据实验将小波分析应用到任一损伤管道的检测中，经过大量的统计对比选取出适当的小波基和小波分解层数,从而判断出管道损伤的位置以及程度，这一方法将可广泛应用到管道损伤检验中。

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