事故的发生与矿工的不安全行为有着密切的联系，如何激发矿工工作的积极性，提高矿工的安全行为水平，成为了煤矿安全管理的重要任务。本文从群体层面出发，研究激励策略对矿工群体主动安全行为的影响以及主动性认知动机在其中所起的中介作用，分析矿工群体在不同激励策略下的主动安全行为倾向的变化。

首先对激励策略、群体安全行为以及主动行为的相关理论进行研究分析，基于矿工需求层次的不同，将激励策略划分为生存类、关系类和成长类三个维度的激励，并对矿工群体主动安全行为的概念进行了界定；同时分析了激励策略、自我效能感、安全动机以及矿工群体主动安全行为之间的影响关系，从激励视角出发，结合ERG理论，即生存(Existence)、关系（Relatedness）和成长(Growth)，建立激励策略对矿工群体主动安全行为影响的理论模型；并确定了激励策略、自我效能感、安全动机以及矿工群体主动安全行为的量表题项，对收集的数据进行预测试分析，从而形成正式的调查问卷。

通过对正式问卷进行数据分析，建立初始的激励策略对矿工群体主动安全行为影响的结构方程模型，并对该模型进行拟合、修正和评价；以高中学历为标准，将矿工群体划分为两个群体，同时利用AMOS软件，分析激励策略对不同学历矿工群体主动安全行为的影响，并解释激励策略对不同学历矿工群体主动安全行为影响上的差异性。

最后基于系统动力学原理，建立激励策略对矿工群体主动安全行为影响的SD仿真模型；以不同学历矿工群体主动安全行为水平为研究对象，利用VENSIM软件模拟仿真不同学历矿工群体主动安全行为水平在不同激励条件作用下的变化；并对不同学历矿工群体主动安全行为水平的变化进行对比分析，进而从激励角度出发，提出煤矿安全管理的对策。

研究结果如下：

（1）基于结构方程模型分析，可得到生存类激励和关系类激励通过中间变量自我效能感和安全动机，对矿工群体主动安全行为产生正向影响；成长类激励则主要是通过中间变量自我效能感，对矿工群体主动安全行为产生正向影响。

（2）通过模拟仿真可以得出，总体激励策略、生存类激励、关系类激励和成长类激励对低学历矿工群体主动安全行为的影响效果分别为：1891.146、883.186、345.175和662.129；总体激励策略、生存类激励、关系类激励和成长类激励对高学历矿工群体主动安全行为的影响效果分别为：797.179、797.180、458.480和547.123。

The occurrence of accidents is closely related to the unsafe behavior of miners. How to stimulate the enthusiasm of miners to work and improve the level of safety behavior of miners has become an important task of coal mine safety management. From the group level, this paper studies the influence of incentive strategies on the active safety behavior of miners and the mediating role of active cognitive motivation in it, and analyzes the changes of active safety behavior tendencies of miners under different incentive strategies.

Firstly, the related theories of incentive strategy, group safety behavior and active behavior are studied and analyzed. Based on the different levels of miners' needs, the incentive strategy is divided into three dimensions: survival, relationship and growth. The concept of behavior is defined; at the same time, the influence relationship between incentive strategies, self-efficacy, safety motivation, and active safety behavior of miners groups is analyzed. From the perspective of incentives, combined with ERG theory, that is, survival, relationship and growth, to establish incentive strategies Theoretical model of the impact on the active safety behavior of miners; and determined the scale items of incentive strategies, self-efficacy, safety motivation, and active safety behavior of miners, and pre-tested and analyzed the collected data to form a formal questionnaire.

Through data analysis of the formal questionnaire, a structural equation model of the impact of the initial incentive strategy on the active safety behavior of the miner group is established, and the model is fitted, revised and evaluated; the miner group is divided into two groups with high school education as the standard At the same time, AMOS software was used to analyze the impact of incentive strategies on the active safety behavior of miners with different educational backgrounds, and to explain the differences in the impact of incentive strategies on active safety behaviors of miners with different educational backgrounds.

Finally, based on the principle of system dynamics, the SD simulation model of the impact of incentive strategies on the active safety behavior of miners is established; taking the active safety behavior levels of miners with different educational backgrounds as the research object, the VENSIM software is used to simulate the active safety behavior levels of miners with different educational backgrounds at different levels. Changes under the influence of incentive conditions; and comparative analysis of the changes in the level of active safety behavior of miners with different educational backgrounds, and then from the perspective of incentives, put forward countermeasures for coal mine safety management.

The results of the study are as follows:

(1) Based on the structural equation model analysis, it can be found that survival incentives and relationship incentives have a positive impact on the active safety behavior of miners through the intermediate variables self-efficacy and safety motivation; Growth incentives are mainly through the intermediate variable self-efficacy, which has a positive impact on the active safety behavior of miners.

(2) Through simulation, it can be concluded that the effects of overall incentive strategy, survival incentive, relationship incentive and growth incentive on the active safety behavior of low-educated miners are: 1891.146, 883.186, 345.175 and 662.129; overall incentive strategy, survival incentive The effects of class incentives, relationship incentives and growth incentives on the active safety behavior of highly educated miners are 797.179, 797.180, 458.480 and 547.123 respectively.