大采高综采是我国陕北侏罗纪厚煤层普遍采用的开采方式，厚硬顶板地质条件矿井
在陕北侏罗纪煤层矿区分布极为广泛。所谓厚硬顶板常常岩层结构致密、节理不发育，
层厚达到 10m 以上。在大采高厚硬顶板煤层开采过程中，厚硬顶板难以随采随落，极
易形成大采高工作面采空区扇形悬顶，结果导致工作面及其侧向采动区支承应力的高度
集中，造成采场周围巷道围岩的严重破坏变形等问题。为此，本文以小保当大采高综采
面厚硬顶板水力压裂卸压工程为背景，采用理论分析、实验室测试、数值模拟、现场试
验相结合的研究方法，对大采高综采厚硬顶板压裂卸压机理进行了系统研究，给出了工
作面侧向煤柱切顶卸压护巷的关键参数，通过现场工业试验，验证了参数的合理性。论
文取得的主要结论如下：
（1）通过现场钻探和岩石取芯，查明了试验工作面岩层分布特征；通过钻芯实验
室加工，进行了顶板岩石物理力学性质研究。基于关键层判别，给出了试验工作面覆岩
的 3 个关键层位置及其赋存特征。结合试验工作面回采过程的矿压观测，给出了大采高
工作面厚硬顶板条件下的顶板初次来压步距为 65.78m，周期来压步距为 45.42m。
（2）理论分析了水力切顶卸压对厚硬顶板悬顶的影响，预切裂缝导致覆岩难以形
成厚硬顶板悬臂结构，减少了采空区顶板悬顶长度；同时，及时垮落的下位顶板矸石又
起到了及时支承高位顶板的作用，缓和了厚硬顶板工作面煤柱上的载荷集中程度，从而
保证了工作面侧煤柱-巷道系统围岩的稳定性。
（3）通过 112201 大采高工作面煤柱侧厚硬顶板水力压裂卸压数值模拟，分析了水
力压裂切顶卸压参数对覆岩运动的影响规律。基于控制变量法，给出了不同切顶高度与
不同切顶角度变化对煤柱应力、巷道围岩位移变化的影响规律。确定了 112201 工作面
顶板水压切顶钻孔参数：采空侧 25m、10°，煤柱侧 35m、15°。
（4）结合 112201 工作面试验，水力压裂切顶后 112201 工作面采空侧悬臂长度减
小，煤柱应力下降了 57%，煤柱-巷道系统围岩顶底板移近量减小 51.25%，两帮移近量
减小 51.28%，有效改善了工作面侧向煤柱巷道系统围岩的应力环境，降低支护成本。

Large mining height integrated mining is a common mining method for thick Jurassic coal
seams in northern Shaanxi Province, and mines with thick hardtop geological conditions are
widely distributed in Jurassic coal seam mines in northern Shaanxi Province. The so-called
thick hard tops often have dense rock structure and undeveloped joints, and the layer thickness
reaches 10 m. In the process of mining thick hard top coal seams with large mining heights, the
thick hard tops are difficult to fall with mining, and it is very easy to form fan-shaped
overhanging roofs in the workings of large mining heights, which results in a high
concentration of supporting stresses in the workings and their lateral mining areas, causing
serious damage and deformation of the surrounding rocks of the roadway around the mining
site. To this end, this paper takes the thick hard roof hydraulic fracture unloading project of
Xiaobodang 7m large mining height comprehensive mining face as the background, and adopts
the research method combining theoretical analysis, laboratory test, numerical simulation and
field test to systematically study the mechanism of thick hard roof fracture unloading of large
mining height comprehensive mining, and gives the key parameters of lateral coal column
cutting roof unloading pressure protection lane at the working face, and verifies the
reasonableness of the parameters through field industrial test. The main conclusions obtained in
the paper are as follows.
(1) The rock distribution characteristics of the test working face were identified through
field drilling and rock coring; the physical and mechanical properties of the roof rock were
studied through drill core laboratory processing. Based on the key layer identification, the
locations of three key layers of the overburden rock of the test workface and their distribution
characteristics were given. The initial pressure step of the roof under the condition of thick hard
roof of large mining face is 65.78m, and the periodic pressure step is 45.42m.
(2) Theoretical analysis of the impact of hydraulic roof cutting and pressure removal on
the overhanging roof of thick hard roof, pre-cut cracks lead to the overlying rock is difficult to form the cantilever structure of thick hard roof, reducing the length of the overhanging roof in
the mining area; at the same time, the timely collapse of the lower roof gangue and play the
role of timely support of the high roof, moderate the concentration of load on the coal column
of the working face of the thick hard roof, thus ensuring the stability of the working face side
coal column - roadway system surrounding rock.
(3) Through the numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture unloading on the thick hard
roof of the coal pillar side of 112201 large mining face, the influence law of hydraulic fracture
top cutting and unloading parameters on the movement of overburden rock was analyzed.
Based on the control variable method, the influence law of different top cutting height and
different top cutting angle changes on the change of coal pillar stress and the change of
roadway surrounding rock displacement is given. The parameters of hydraulic roof cutting
drilling at 112201 working face were determined: 25m and 10° on the mining side and 35m
and 15° on the coal pillar side.
(4) Combined with the test on 112201 working face, the cantilever length on the mining
side of 112201 working face was reduced after hydraulic fracturing and roof cutting, the stress
of coal pillar decreased by 57%, the top and bottom slab shift of coal pillar-roadway system
surrounding rock was reduced by 51.25%, and the shift of two gangs was reduced by 51.28%.
The test parameters effectively improve the stress environment of the lateral coal pillar
roadway system at the working face and reduce the support cost

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